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Ch. 9 & 10: Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis - Coggle Diagram

- - - - substrate phosphorylation
      - oxidative phosphorylation
  - - - GPKE (Giant Panda's Killed Einstein)
        
        pyruvate oxidation
        
        CoA receives carbons from pyruvate
        
        reactants: 2 pyruvate; products: 2 acetyl-CoA, 2 carbon dioxide, 2 NADH
        
        occurs in mitochondrial matrix
        
        OIL RIG
        
        oxidation is loss, reduction is gain
        
        kreb's cycle (citric acid cycle)
        
        acetyl-CoA binds to oxaloacetate
        
        four carbon molecule already present in the mitochondrion
        
        forms citric acid
        
        goes through multiple steps in which two carbon atoms are removed
        
        each turn of cycle generates 1 ATP, 1 FADH2, 3 NADH
        
        2 more items...
        
        released as carbon dioxide
        
        six carbon molecule
        
        occurs in mitochondrial matrix
        
        glycolysis
        
        "glykos" = sweet ; "lysis" = split apart
        
        reactants: glucose, 2 ATP; products: 4 ATP (net gain 2 ATP), 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate
        
        breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
        
        each pyruvate with 3-C (three carbon)
        
        no oxygen required
        
        anaerobic
        
        occurs in cytoplasm
        
        exergonic (energy released) and catabolic (breakdown)
        
        electron transport chain
        
        occurs in the inner membrane of mitochondria
        
        makes use of high energy electron carriers (NADH + FADH2) to create a proton gradient
        
        "chain" is this series of enzymes within inner membrane that pass electrons through them
        
        creates high concentration of H+ ions within inter-membrane space
        
        end of the chain electrons bind to hydrogen ions and oxygen to form water
        
        chemiosmosis
        
        occurs after ETC
        
        final stage of cellular respiration
        
        anabolic (building) and endergonic (requires energy)
        
        ATP synthase
        
        turns ADP to ATP using the energy from made in ETC from the movement of H+ ions
        
        reactants: 10 NADH, 2 FADH; products: ~28 ATP / total: 30-38 ATP
- - - - photophosphorylation
    - - convert solar energy to the chemical energy of ATP and NADPH
        
        water molecule gets split to release oxygen as a byproduct
        
        provides necessary energy for calvin cycle
        
        electron flows through the thylakoid membrane
        
        NADPH
        
        high electron energy carrier
      - occurs in thylakoids
        
        photosystems
        
        PSI + PSII
        
        capture light energy and excite electrons + transfer then through an ETC
    - - uses energy from light reactions to incorporate carbon dioxide from the air into sugar (ATP and NADPH)
        
        three phases
        
        reduction
        
        energy from ATP and NADPH used to convert PGA to G3P
        
        G3P aka precursor to glucose
        
        regeneration
        
        molecules get rearranged to regenerate the starting RuBP
        
        carbon fixation
        
        each carbon dioxide molecule gets attached to RuBP
        
        gets sped up by Rubisco (enzyme)
        
        two PGA gets formed
        
        3 turns make 1 G3P; 6 turns make 2 G3P = 1 glucose
      - occurs in stroma
    - - water gets oxidized, carbon dioxide gets reduced
      - reverses the direction of electron flow in cellular respiration