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The Industrial Revolution, Industry changed ways of life., Industry grew…
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- Industry changed ways of life.
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Laissez-faire government
In the 1800s, many British business leaders believed the gap between rich and poor was a natural and unavoidable result of progress.
They supported a "hands-off" policy from the government, known as laissez-faire, believing the government should not interfere in economic or social problems.
The beginning of unions
Workers had no right to vote, and their demands for better conditions were often suppressed by the government (e.g., the Peterloo Massacre in 1819).
Workers began to join together in groups called unions. A union spoke for all the workers in a particular trade and bargained for better working conditions and higher wages.
If the factory owners refused their demands, union members could strike, or refuse to work.
At first, the British government and factory owners resisted unions, and union activity was illegal for a long time.
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- Industry grew and spread to new lands.
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The Railway Age Begins
(What/How) The steam engine was applied to transportation. (Who) In 1804, Richard Trevithick built the first steam locomotive.
George Stephenson designed "The Rocket" (1829), which ran on the Liverpool-Manchester Railway at over 24 miles per hour.
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Britain led the world
By 1850, Britain produced most of the world's iron and coal, accounted for 70% of Europe's cotton cloth, and had more railroad lines than all other European nations combined. Britain earned the title of "workshop of the world."
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- Many factors aided industrial growth.
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- Britain led in the rise of industry.
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