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Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis - Coggle Diagram
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
Glycolysis
1st step in cellular respiration
Reactants: Glucose and 2 ATP
Products: 4 ATP (2ATP) and 2 Pyruvate
-breaking glucose down -occurs in the cytoplasm -does NOT require O2
Pyruvate Oxidation
2nd step in cellular respiration (starts Kreb Cycle)
Reactants: 2 pyruvate
Products: 2 Acetyl Co-A 2 CO2 2 NADH
Kreb Cycle
3rd step in cellular respiration
Reactant: 2 Acetyl Co-A
Product: 6 NADH 2 FADH2 2ATP ( a shit ton of high energy carrying molecules)
-has to turn twice
Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Chemiosmosis
4th step in cellular respiration
Reactant: 1 DNADH 2 FADH2
Products: 28-38 ATP
-occurs on the inner membrane
Cellular Respiration
is -aerobic -catabolic electron donor= reducing agent electron acceptor=oxidizing agent
Fermentation
-anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain with a final electron acceptor other than oxygen
-extension of glycolysis that oxidizes NADH by transferring electrons to pyruvate or its derivatives -two common types are alcohol fermentation (yeast) and lactic acid fermentation (animal)
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Light dependent Reactions
-occurs in thylakoid membrane -continuous supply of light energy -water is converted into O2 -converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH
step one
light energy excites electrons in photosystem 2. Electrons are passed along ETC accross thylakoid membrane
step two
water molecules split to replace lost electrons, and release oxygen and hydrogen ions
step three
photosystem 1 absorbs photon, forming NADPH, proton gradient drives ATP synthesis
Photosynthesis
-converts solar energy into chemical energy within chloroplasts -redox process -endergonic process -two stages; light reactions and Calvin cycle
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Calvin Cycle
-occurs in the stroma -does NOT require light -ATP and NADPH are converted int G3P (precursor to glucose)
Step one
Carbon Fixation
1 molecule of CO2 combines with RUBP makes a 6 carbon compound that splits into 2 molecules of 3 PGA then reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme rubisco
step two
Reduction
ATP and NADPH are used to convert 3PGA into G3P
step three
Regeneration
some G3P molecules go on to make glucose, while other must be recycled
Spectrophotometer
measures a pigments ability to absorb various wavelengths
absorption spectrum
is a graph plotting pigments light absorption versus wavelength
Chlorophyll a
key light capturing pigment that participates directly in light reactions
chlorophyll b
accessory pigment
carotenoids
(plants!) separate group of accessory pigments
