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General Considerations for Operating Systems - Coggle Diagram
General Considerations for Operating Systems
Operating Systems
It is an intermediary software between the hardware and the applications
Its main function is to manage resources and provide a user interface
System calls
They are interfaces between applications and the OS kernel.
They allow privileged operations to be executed securely.
Types of calls
File management: create, read, write, delete.
Process management: create, finalize, suspend.
Memory management: allocating and freeing space.
Input/output: reading or writing to devices.
Communication: synchronization and data transfer.
Operating system objectives and services
Resource management: manages CPU, memory, devices, and processes.
User interface: facilitates interaction (GUI or CLI).
Services and utilities: file management, users, tasks, and permissions.
Process management: controls execution, suspension, and scheduling.
Memory management: allocates, protects, and shares memory.
Device management: coordinates access to peripherals.
Interprocess communication: enables information exchange and synchronization.
Historical evolution of operating systems
1950-1960: Batch Systems → Batch processing, without direct interaction.
Examples: GM-NAA I/O, OS/360 (IBM)
1960-1970: Time-sharing → Multiple simultaneous users.
Example: MULTICS
1970-1980: Network systems → Communication and shared resources.
Example: UNIX
1980-1990: Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs) → Use of windows and icons.
Example: Windows
2000 onwards: Mobile systems → Optimization for touch devices.
Example: Android, iOS
Types of operating systems
Desktop: Windows, macOS, Linux.
Mobiles: Android, iOS, Windows Phone.
Servers: Windows Server, Linux Server, Unix.
Embedded systems: Embedded Linux, FreeRTOS, QNX.
Real-time: VxWorks, RTLinux, FreeRTOS.
Network: Cisco IOS, Junos, RouterOS.
Kernel Structure
Process manager: controls task execution and scheduling.
Memory manager: allocates and protects memory space.
File manager: organizes and controls access to files.
Device manager: controls hardware and drivers.
Network subsystem: manages protocols, sockets, and communication.
Interrupt handler: responds to hardware events.