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Yeraldin Grano Period 3 Muscular System - Coggle Diagram
Yeraldin Grano Period 3 Muscular System
Major functions:
1.
produce movement: which is responsible for all the locomotion and manipulation
2.
maintains posture and the body position
3.
stabilizes joints
4.
it will generate heat as the muscles contract
3 types of muscles & their functions
Cardiac:
Provide the contractility of the heart, which enables it to pump blood throughout the body.
Smooth:
The smooth muscle moves food through the digestive system, regulating blood flow, and more
Skeletal
: Allows the muscles to produce movement, sustaining posture, stabilizing joints, and generating heat.
Names of all the skeletal muscles
Upper Body:
Palmaris longus/middle of forearm; tenses palms and flexes wrist
Pectoralis major/chest; moves arm forward and across
Flexor carpi ulnaris/front forearm; bends wrist toward little
Pronator teres – Forearm; turns palm down.
Flexor carpi radialis/front forearm; bends wrist toward thumb
rectus abdominis/abs;bends trunk forward
External obliques/sides of abdomen; twist and bend trunk
Serratus anterior – Side of ribs; pulls shoulder forward.
Deltoid – Shoulder; lifts arm.
Sternocleidomastoid/side of neck; turns and bends head
Brachioradialis/forearm near thumb side; helps bond elbow
Sternohyoid/front of neck; lower hyoid bone
Brachialis – Under biceps; helps bend elbow
Biceps brachii – Front of upper arm; bends elbow.
Trapezius – Upper back/neck; lifts and moves shoulders
Triceps brachii – Back of upper arm; straightens elbow.
Face:
Frontalis/forehead; raises eyebrows
Masseter – Jaw; closes mouth
Orbicularis oris – Around mouth; puckers lips
Orbicularis oculi – Around eyes; closes eyelids.
Sternohyoid/front of neck; lower hyoid bone
Temporalis/side of head;helps close jaw
Zygomaticus – Cheek; lifts corners of mouth (smiling).
Lower Body:
Gastrocnemius/Calf; points toes
Soleus is under gastrocnemius; helps point toes
Tibialis anterior /front of shin; lifts foot upward
Extensor digitorum longus/Front lower leg; lifts toes.
Fibularis Longus/ outer lower leg; turns foot outward and
support arch
Vastus lateralis/outer front thigh; straighten knee
Iliopsoas – Front of hip; bends thigh at hip.
Pectineus – Upper inner thigh; brings thigh toward body.
Adductor longus – Inner thigh; pulls leg toward midline.
Gracilis – Inner thigh; adducts thigh, flexes knee.
Tensor fasciae latae/outer hip; steadies and thigh sideways
Iliotibial tract/side of thigh, supports leg movement
Rectus femoris/front thigh; straightens knee and bends hip
Vastus medialis/inner front thigh; straightens knee
sartorius/strap muscle across thigh; bends and rotates leg
Sarcomere
Sarcomere is the smallest contractile unit that makes up muscle contractions
Z disc is what it will end with
I band contains actin filaments which are thin
A band is part of the myosin filaments which are thick
Neuromuscular junction:
Contains 6 events
Action potential arrives at the axon terminal
Voltage-gated calcium channels open allowing the calcium to enetr the motor neuron
When the calcium enters it causes the Ach neurotransmitters to release into the synaptic cleft
The Ach deffuses across to the receptors onto the sarcolemma
Ach begins to bind to the receptors, open the gates, whcih allows Na+ to enter which creates the end plate potential
Acetylcholinesterase degrades the Ach
Sliding filament theory of muscle contraction
Contraction of sliding filament occurs when the cross-bridges activate and produce force. While this is occurring the actin and myosin filaments start to slide past each other and overlap, which causes the muscles to shorten and contract.
Action potential in a muscle fiber
A
signal
sent from the
brain
travels down the
neuron
to the
axon terminal
. Which is where it then reaches the
motor end plate
and triggers the opening of
voltage-gated calcium channels
. After the cell depolarizes,
potassium
will go and flow out to restore the membrane’s negative charge, to bring it back to its resting potential.
Muscle coverings:
Epimysium: It is a dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle and can bleed with fasica
Perimysium: This covering is a fibrous connective tissue surronding fasicles
Endomysium: Is a fine areolar connective tissue surronding each muscle fiber
Disorders
Cerebral Palsy:
When spastic paralysis causes weakness in muscles caused by a head injury. There is still no cure but the diseases cause seizures or paralysis.
Myositis:
The inflammation of the muscles that can be caused my muscle trauma or autoimmune. It will cause to have muscle weakness or swelling and can be cured by taking medication.
Myasthenia Gravis:
It is a neuromuscular disorder that blocks neurotransmitters cause by autoimmune. It causes for your muscles to weaken and there is still currently no cure.
Fibromyalgia:
Muscle pain that can be cause by physical trauma, causing muscle/joint pain and can be cured by physical therapy
Muscular Dystrophy:
Is a muscle weakness can be caused my genetics and there is no current cure but it will make you have weak muscles and they will be atrophy