Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Concept map 44-45 - Coggle Diagram
Concept map 44-45
Ch.44
Osmosis
Osmoregulation
osmoregulation and metabolic waste rely on transport epithelia(one or more layers of epithelial cells specialized for moving particular solutes in controlled amounts
-
units used to measure osmosis., osmoles
-
osmoregulator - an animal that controls its internal osmolarity independent of the external environment
-
Nitrogenous wastes
Ammonia - a small toxic molecule produced by nitrogen fixation or as a metabolic waste product of protein and nucleic acid metabolism
-
Uric acid - A product of protein and purine metabolism and the major nitrogenous waste product. Uric acid is relatively nontoxic and largely insoluble in water.
Ex. Birds, reptiles, insects, land snails
-
Urea - A soluble nitrogenous waste produced in the liver by a metabolic cycle that combines ammonia with carbon dioxide
Ex. Mammals, amphibians, sharks. some bony fish
-
-
Excretory process
- filtration - the extraction of water and small solutes, including metabolic wastes, from body fluid
-
- reabrption - the recovery of solutes and water from filtrate
- secretion - 1) the discharge of molecules synthesized by a cell. 2) the active transport of wastes and certain other solutes from the body fluid into the filtrate in an excretory system
- Excretion - the processed filtrate containing nitrogenous wastes is released from the body as urine
Excretory systems
-
Metanephridia -An excretory organ found in many invertebrates that typically consists of tubules connecting ciliated internal openings to external openings (found within each segment of an annelid)
Ex. most annelids, such as earthworms
Malpighian tubules - A unique excretory organ of insects that empties into the digestive tract, removes nitrogenous wastes from the hemolymph, and functions in osmoregulation.
-
Kidneys -In vertebrates, one of a pair of excretory organs where blood filtrate is formed and processed into urine.
The nepron
Countercurrent multiplier systems - A countercurrent system in which energy is expended in active transport to facilitate exchange of materials and generate concentration gradients.
-
-