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Chapter Nine & Ten, Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis - Coggle…
Chapter Nine & Ten, Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration: the process of turning food into energy, in both plants and animals,
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Stage 1: Glycolysis: breaking down glucose into pyruvate, happens in cytoplasm of cell, anaerobic, substrate phosphorylation
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Products: 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2- 3 Carbons, 2 ATP
If oxygen isn't available, then fermentation happens instead
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Stage 1.5: Pyruvate Oxidation: turning pyruvate into Acetyl Co-A, happens in matrix
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Products: 2 Acetyl Co-A, 2CO2, 2 NADH
NADH & FADH2: not used until end, molecules that carry a lot of energy, electrons in ETC come from these
Stage 2: Krebs Cycle/ Citric Acid Cycle: happens in matrix of mitochondria, turns twice, substrate phosphorylation
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Products: 6 NADH, 4CO2, 2ATP, 2 FADH2
Stage 3: Electron Transport Chain: aerobic, happens in membrane of mitochondria, oxidative phosphorylation, stops before ATP Synthase
Reactants: 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, all O2
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Oxidation: lose of electrons, eletron acceptor, ocidative agent
Reduction: gaining electrons, electron donor, reducing agent
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Photosynthesis: plants turn light energy into chemical energy, happens in the chloroplast, 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Stage 1: Light dependent reaction, requires a continuous supply of light, takes place in the thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll pigment absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy (NADPH & ATP)
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Calvin Cycle: takes place in the stroma (cytoplasm of chloroplast), doesn't require light
Carbon Fixation: 3CO2 molecules combine with RuBP which is catalyzed by Rubisco, 3PGA is made
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Regeneration: 1 G3P molecule is used to make glucose, while the 5 others are recycled
3 turns of the Calvin Cycle, makes 1 G3P, 2G3P makes 1 glucose, and 6 turns of the Calvin cycle make 1 glucose
NADPH loses its H+, ATP is turned into ADP
Autotrophs: organisms that can make their own food, self feeders
Heterotrophs, rely on autotrophs, consumers of the biosphere
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Photorespiration: Rubisco binds with O2 instead of CO2, making a 2-Carbon Compound
C3 Plants:most plants, in which initial fixation of CO2 via Rubisco forms a 3 carbon compound
C4 Plants: minimize the cost of photorespiration by incorpating CO2 into a 4 carbon compound as the furst product of the calvin cycle
Crassulecean acid metabolism: some plants including succulents conserve water with CAM to fix carbon, they open their stomata at night