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ch22 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - wealthy landowners took small farms
      - wealthy landowners took small farms
    - - Jethro Tull—seed drill(painted seeds evenly)
      - Crop rotation—improved soil and crop yields
    - - More food—population growth—more factory workers
  - - - coal,iron,rivers,harbors.
    - - banks,investments,overseas trade,colonies
    - - no wars, strong government support
    - - inspired by Enlightenment and inventors.
  - - - More goods and jobs.
      - Urban growth.
      - Better transport and communication.
    - - Harsh factory conditions.
      - Child labor.
      - Overcrowded and polluted cities.
      - Big gap between rich and poor.
- - - - Steam Engine
        
        Inventor: James Watt
        
        Powered machines → replaced waterpower
        
        Allowed factories to be built anywhere, not just near rivers
        
        Result: began the factory system
        
        Cities grew as people moved for factory jobs
      - The Railway Age
        
        Steam Locomotive → steam engine on wheels
        
        1829: Stephenson’s Rocket reached 34 mph
        
        Connected coal mines, factories, and ports
        
        Faster & cheaper movement of goods and people
        
        Created thousands of new jobs
        
        Importance: revolutionized transportation and boosted industry
      - Cotton Industry
        
        Textile factories were first to use machines
        
        Spinning Jenny / Power Loom → made cloth faster and cheaper
        
        Increased demand for raw cotton
        
        Britain became the world’s textile center
        
        Effect: mass production → cheaper clothes, more exports
      - Coal
        
        Main energy source of the Industrial Revolution
        
        Fueled steam engines, iron furnaces, trains, and ships
        
        Output rose rapidly to meet industrial demand
        
        Effect: powered all industries; symbol of industrial growth
      - Iron
        
        Used to build machines, rails, bridges, and buildings
        
        Improved smelting → stronger and cheaper iron
        
        Foundation of heavy industry
        
        Helped expand the railway system
      - Railroads Spread
        
        1830: Liverpool–Manchester Railway → first major rail line
        
        Immediate success → model for others
        
        Provided cheap, reliable transport for goods and materials
        
        Created new jobs in mining, iron, and construction
        
        Boosted agriculture and fishing → food reached cities faster
        
        Importance: tied Britain together and promoted national trade
      - Industrialization Spreads
        
        By 1850, spread to Europe and the United States
        
        The U.S. built textile mills and railroads
        
        Belgium, France, Germany followed with factories
        
        Borrowed British technology and machines
        
        Effect: industrialization became a global movement
      - Britain Leads the World
        
        Produced more iron, coal, and cloth than any other country
        
        Known as the “Workshop of the World”
        
        Strong navy and merchant fleet spread goods worldwide
        
        Map: dense factory regions, ports, coalfields
        
        Result: Britain dominated world trade and industry in the 1800s