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The Industrial Revolution (1700 ~ 1850) - Coggle Diagram
The Industrial Revolution (1700 ~ 1850)
(Lesson 1) Many factors aided industrial growth
Began in the mid of 1700's, lowlands in eastern England and southern Scotland.
Why?
Changes in farming led the way.
The enclosure movement
disappearance of small farms
Landowners
Large estates
Tried new methods
Free to experiment
Villages
Common fields
Traditional ways
Hard to change
ecnclosure
wealthy landowners buying lots of land
put fence or hedge
they rented fields
Scientific Farming
Wealthy landowners improved farming
Used scientific methods
Shared ideas and results
Jethro Tull
Invented seed drill (1721)
Planted seeds in rows
Increased crop growth
Crop rotation
Changed crops each year
Kept soil fertile
Increased harvests
Improved livestock
Selective breeding
Bigger, healthier animals
More meat and wool
Population Growth
More food → fewer hungry people
Population rose quickly
More workers for factories
Enclosure Movement
Combined small farms into large ones
Small farmers lost land
Moved to cities for work
A rise in population helped industry.
1700s: Europe’s
population grew fast
More
food = fewer deaths
Better
living conditions & health
More
workers
for factories
More
demand
for goods
Great Britain had many advantages.
Natural resources
(coal, iron, rivers)
Good ports
for trade
Strong navy & merchants
Stable government
supported business
Banking system
helped investment
Freedom & peace
encouraged growth
(Lesson 2) Britain led in the rise of industry
Textile Industry Changes
Britain led wool and cloth trade
Cotton became popular
Work moved from homes to factories
Key Inventions
1733: Flying Shuttle – faster weaving
1764: Spinning Jenny – many threads
1769: Water Frame – waterpower used
1779: Spinning Mule – stronger, finer yarn
1793: Cotton Gin – seeds removed faster
Factory System
Home work → Factory work
Machines too large for homes
Needed water or steam power
Workers moved to cities
Watt and the Steam Engine
James Watt improved steam engine
Used less fuel, worked faster
Partnered with Matthew Boulton
By 1800: 500 engines in factories
Impact
Power used anywhere, anytime
Growth of industry
Modern factories began
Watt became wealthy
(Lesson 3) Industry Grew and Spread to New Lands
Britain leads the way
Industrial Revolution began in Britain
Natural resources: coal, iron, rivers
Strong economy and banking system
Political stability
Industry spreads to Europe
Belgium: rich in coal and iron → early industrial center
Germany: railroads built → industrial power by late 1800s
France: slower but steady growth
Other nations copied British methods
Uneven spread of industrialization
Western Europe and U.S. industrialized first
Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa lagged behind
Geography, resources, and politics affected progress
Effects of industrialization
Urbanization increased
Middle class grew
Better transportation and communication
Economic gap between industrialized and non-industrialized nations
Industry reaches America
Civil War boosted industry
Railroads and inventions helped expansion
Textile mills in New England
U.S. industrialized after 1820s
Samuel Slater brought British ideas to U.S.
(Lesson 4) Industry Changed Ways of Life
Working-Class Life
Lived in crowded tenements
Few rights or protections
Labor unions formed to demand better pay and conditions
Strikes and protests began
Rise of the Middle Class
Merchants, inventors, factory owners gained wealth
New jobs: managers, engineers, shopkeepers
Better homes, education, and lifestyle
Growing gap between classes
Reform Movements
Laws limited child labor
Education improved
Women’s rights and social reforms grew
New ideas about socialism and workers’ rights spread
Working Conditions
Long hours (12–16 hrs/day)
Low wages
Unsafe factories and mines
Women and children worked
Harsh factory discipline
Long-Term Effects
Higher standard of living
Technological progress continued
Cities became centers of culture and business
Changed how people lived and worked forever
Growth of Cities
People moved from farms to cities (urbanization)
Factory towns grew fast
Poor housing and sanitation
Overcrowding, pollution, disease