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Cape Colony & Frontier History (Term 4) - Coggle Diagram
Cape Colony & Frontier History (Term 4)
Dutch Rule (1795)
VOC controls Cape as Refreshment station
Trekboers move inland= clash with xhosa
Fish River declared frontier (unilateral)
Zuurveld = fertile conflict zone
2 Dutch-Xhosa frontier wars
British Rule (1795)
British take cape to stop French
NB station to India
Lord Macartney governs
Colonel Gordon surrenders Cape
3rd Frontier War → Xhosa strong in Zuurveld
Dutch & British Return (1803-1806)
1803: Dutch regain cape make peace with Xhosa
1806: British take Cape permanently
Continued frontier wars → British stronger weapons & recruit Khoikhoi
4th frontier: Colonel John Graham expels Xhosa from Zuurveld
1820 British settlers
4000 settlers arrive - Algoa Bay
Many fail farming---move towns
Wool farming grows -- major export in 1846
Ordinance 50 (1828)
Equal right for Khoi & people of colours
No pass laws
Boers resist due to labour loss
Andries Stockenstorm
Fair administrator, supported treaties (formal agreement)
Anti-slavary, sympathetic to both sides
6th Frontier War
Major destruction-- homes burned & livestock takken
David Stuurman resists, exiled to Australia
Abolition of Slavery (1834-1838)
1807: Slave trade ends
1833-1838: Slavery ends fully (exept for the people it slaves they got to keep them for 4 years after it ended. so it offically ended on the December 6 1865)
Boers were unhappy 'cause they lost their labour
Chief Maqoma
Fought 6-8 frontier
Imprisoned on Robbo Island (1850) for 12 years
After returning in 1869 we was sent back and died mysteriously died in 1873
Great Trek (1835-1841)
Boers leave Cape -- seek freedom from British
= Voortrekkers
Andries Pretorius lead the voortrekkers & won the battle of the blood river 1838 (defeated the zulu)
King Dingane: fought with zulus and lost to Andries
The Boers moved inland, created their own countries (Transvaal & Orange Free State), became independent from Britain, fought local African kingdoms to control land, and lived mostly as farmers with their own laws
Northern Frontier
There were San,Tswana, Kora & Griqua
Traded cattle for economy
Kora & Griqua traders, negotiators, warriors
Andries Waterboer leads Griqua
Frontier Wars (1779–1879)
British/boers vs xhosa fight over zuurveld
9 wars in total
Final Xhosa Resistance (1877–1879)
9th Frontier War → Xhosa defeated
British claim Xhosa land