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Small mammal GI disease - Coggle Diagram

- - - - faecal production reduced or absent?
      - appetite normal, reduced or absent?
      - gut sounds present or absent?
        
        could be stress
    - - Primary GID
        
        history of low-fibre, high carb diet or recent diet change
        
        abnormailty is palpable in gut
        
        history of recent or ongoing moult
        
        onset of gut stasis preceded any development of signs of malaise
      - Secondary GID
        
        history of stress
        
        obvious source of pain e.g. dental dz
        
        other clinical signs e.g. PU/PD, weight loss
    - - Primary GID
        
        abdominal palpation
        
        determine which part of GIT
        
        imaging--> x-ray
      - Secondary GID
        
        haematology + biochem
        
        blood glucose can be useful indicator of pain/stress/ severity of condition when it comes to diabetes mellitus (rare in rabbits)
    - - further investigations needed for
        
        rabbits presenting with repeated episodes of gut stasis where cause is unknown
        
        those not responding to symptomatic treatment within 1-2 days
        
        those with suspected GI obstruction
        
        those with pale mucous membranes or other presenting problems
  - - - IV catheter placed in marginal ear vein
      - clip + apply local anaesthetic first
      - rabbits require <100ml/kg/day for maintenance
      - ideally given via constant rate infusion/ IV boluses
      - may be partly given by oral route
    - - ideally tempt to eat own diet
      - if syringe feeding needed, start at 10ml/kg 5x daily and adjust based on appetite, weight + energy requirements--> DON'T RUSH + only give 0.5-1ml at a time
        
        clean face following feed
        
        consider nasogastric tube placement if facial injury
    - - mild pain
        
        NSAIDs (meloxicam) if renal + hydration status ok
      - moderate pain
        
        buprenorphine +/- meloxicam
      - severe pain
        
        methadone +/- meloxicam
        
        lidocaine CRI
        
        maropitant (for visceral pain)
    - - prokinetics
        
        cisapride, ranitidine, metoclopramide
        
        different mechanisms but can be combined
        
        cisapride +/- ranitidine most effected--> help stomach, SI + hindgut motility
        
        metoclopramide least effective--> only works on stomach and proximal SI
      - midazolam may be helpful if stress is a factor
      - gentle exercise
- - - - most common
      - often accompanied by reduced appetite and weight loss
    - - other signs e.g. RVHD-2 is a systemic disease which can cause D+
      - often present with pyrexia, lethargy, reduced appetite, weight loss,signs of hepatic dz, can have neuro signs