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Multi Store Memory Model (MSM) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Sperling (1960) Asked participants to recall as many letters as possible from a grid of 12 symbols that were displayed on the screen for about 50 milliseconds. Using this technique he found that while they could only recall around 4 symbols that could recall seeing a lot more. This supports evidence for the SS because it shows that is has a large capacity and a very short duration.
  - - - Walsh and Thompson (1978) Flashed images of the letter 'o' twice with a very brief interval. They recorded the interval from which participants reported to see a stimulus. They found that he iconic sensory store has an average duration of 500 milliseconds. This supports the concept of the sensory store duration because it highlights the difference in how much a person can hold and the time taken 500 milliseconds/0.5 seconds.
- - - - Baddeley (1966) Gave participants four sets of word lists with some sets sounding similar and some not, other having similar meaning and others not. When he asked participants to recall these word lists they had trouble recalling the similar sounding words but after a 20 minute delay they mads more mistakes recalling words with similar meanings. This supports coding because it suggests that information is stored due to how it sounds not what it means.
  - - - Peterson and Peterson (1959) The investigated the duration of the STM when rehearsal is prevented. They were told to a consonant trigram and then were immediately give large three digit number to count back from. This put them off remembering and rehearsing the trigram and therefore after a 3 second delay recall was 80% but after a 18 second delay recall was just 10%. This supports the STM because it highlights that duration is limited and needs to be rehearsed to remember it.
  - - - Jacobs (1887) Tested the capacity with serial digit span ,method where participants are presented with increasingly long numbers and letter and they had to immediately recall them in the correct order. He found that the capacity for numbers was 9.3 items but the capacity for letters was only 7.3 items. This supports the STM capacity because it implies that the capacity for items was between 5-9 after immediate recall and n rehearsal
- - - - Wagenaar (1986) Created a diary with over 2400 events over 6 years and tested himself on them with recall of events rather than dates, he found he had excellent recall again suggesting and supporting the fact the the capacity if the LTM is very large or unlimited and that you remember semantically (events and meanings)
  - - - Baddeley (1966) Gave participants four sets of word lists with some sets sounding similar and some not, other having similar meaning and others not. When he asked participants to recall these word lists they had trouble recalling the similar sounding words but after a 20 minute delay they mads more mistakes recalling words with similar meanings. This supports that coding in the LTM is semantically because participants usually made mistakes remembering words with similar meaning often replacing them with similar words with similar meaning's, demonstrating sematic encoding.
  - - - Bahrick et al (1975) Used a sample of 392 American ex high school students aged 17-74 and they had to recall and identify there past classmates from images from a set of 50 photos. Results showed that the recognition of group was 90% accurate after 14 years and 60% accurate after 47 years. This supports The duration of the LTM because is suggests that memory's last a long time and duration is unlimited as well as demonstrating that the coding is semantically.