Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Branches of Linguistic, Phonetics and Phonology - Coggle Diagram
Branches of Linguistic
Syntax
study of structure of phrases and sentences
Phrases
group of words
Sentence
made of phrases
Syntactic Structures
Structure of Complementation
Structure of Complementation
Structure of Coordination
Structure of Coordination
Grammatical Function
adverbial
object
predicate
subject
Syntactic Categories
determiner
adverb
verb
noun
Semantics
Denotative
Literal meaning
Connotative
Emotional/suggestive meaning
Collocative
Meaning from word association
Affective
Speaker’s feelings or attitude
Semantic Roles
Agent
Patient
Location
Experiencer
Location
Goal/Source
Morphology
study of the structure and formation of words
Morphemes
Free
Functional (close words)
Lexical (open words)
Bound
Derivational
inform + -ation = information
Inflectional
dog + s = dogs
Affixation
Prefixes
letters added at the beginning of a word
re-, un-, pre-
Suffixes
letters added at the end of a word
-ness, -ion, -ship
Linguistics as the Science of Language
communicate and organize thought using different tools
Arbitrariness
natural word-meaning link
Productivity
Infinite expressions possible
Displacement
Talk beyond present time
Duality
Sounds form different meanings
Cultural Transmission
Language learned through culture
Pragmatics
study of how utterances are used in communicative acts
Speech Acts
Locutionary
the literal utterance
Perlocutionary
the effect
Illocutionary
the intention (request)
Deixis
Person
“I,” “you,” “they”
Place
“here,” “there”
Time
“now,” “tomorrow”
Implicature
Implied meaning beyond words
“Some students passed the test” implies not all did
Presupposition
Assumed background knowledge
“Anna stopped smoking” presupposes Anna used to smoke
Politeness
Respecting social norms
“Can you help me?” instead of “Help me.”
Phonetics and Phonology
study of the physical sounds of speech
Acoustic Phonetics
physical properties of sound waves
Articulatory Phonetics
how speech sounds are produced by the vocal organs
Auditory Phonetics
how speech sounds are perceived by the ear and brain
study of how sounds function and are organized in a language
Phoneme
smallest distinctive sound unit
Allophone
variant of a phoneme that does not change meaning