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Fuel Systems - Coggle Diagram
Fuel Systems
How Is It Fueled
Fuel Is embarked into the filling trunk to the height of the weir, at which point it cascades down into the filling manifold
The height of fuel embarked into the filling trunk must be controlled, or back pressure will cause fuel to reverse out the filling pipe (controlled by filling valves)
Fuel then flows into displaced tanks, usually arranged in chains of 3 / 4, ensuring the tanks remain full to maintain ballast
These tanks are only filled to 90%, having a fuel vent fitted at 90% to indicate this and allow ET's to take samples (in harbour a bowser must collect the displaced seawater, or only fill to 50%)
Finally the filling valves are closed and as the filling manifold / trunk fill up fueling operation can be completed
Saltwater Gravity Tank - supplies seawater to the displaced tanks as fuel is used, and is supplied itself by a HPSW system and float valve
Contaminants
Water - contains sodium and may be corrosive / affect control systems, and encourages growth of MBG, a fungal slime that blocks filters
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Visual Test - checks that fuel is clear and bright, and there are no visible contaminants, carried out at various points including embarkment and prior to burning
Water Reaction Tests - carried out at embarkment to indicate the fuel's ability to separate from water, 20ml of distilled water is added to 80ml of fuel which is then shaken and the sludgy layer must not be more than 2ml
Colour Test - A Loviband colour comparitor test is carried out during embarkation by evaluating it's age and condition via colour,
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Filling Types
Alongside
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Direct Jetty Pipeline / Jetty Storage Tanks - a permanent fuel supply with pipework all the way to the nearest refinery
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At Sea
RAS - fuel is taken from a supply ship, hazardous and so time spent alongside is limited and all hands are required