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Recognition of Students with Special Educational Needs in the Colombian…
Recognition of Students with Special Educational Needs in the Colombian Education System
Responsibilities of Educational Institutions
Guarantee access, permanence, and participation of all students.
Collaborate with families, specialists, and community services.
Promote teacher training on inclusive and differentiated instruction.
Ensure compliance with Colombian laws such as Decree 1421 (2017) and Law 1618 (2013).
Design and implement reasonable curricular adjustments based on students’ needs.
Provide inclusive environments and remove physical and attitudinal barriers.
Prevailing Perceptions or Beliefs
There is growing awareness that inclusion benefits everyone, not only students with disabilities.
Society is moving toward a rights-based approach instead of a charity or medical model.
Some teachers still believe that students with disabilities need separate attention or institutions.
Empathy, respect, and flexibility are increasingly valued as part of inclusive teaching.
Inclusion is often seen as a challenge rather than an opportunity.
Types of Disabilities in the Educational System
Intellectual disabilities (developmental delays, cognitive limitations).
Learning disabilities (dyslexia, dyscalculia, ADHD).
Sensory disabilities (visual and hearing impairments).
Psychosocial or emotional disabilities (autism spectrum, anxiety, behavioral disorders).
Physical disabilities (mobility, motor impairments).
Multiple disabilities (combinations of two or more).
Individual Plan for Reasonable Adjustments (PIAR)
Aims to ensure equity and participation in the learning process.
Developed collaboratively by teachers, specialists, and families.
Includes adaptations in curriculum, evaluation, materials, and environment.
A personalized plan that defines specific strategies, supports, and accommodations for each student.
Promotes autonomy, learning progress, and social inclusion.
Reflects the principles of the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and inclusive education.