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Lecture 1, Lecture 4 - Wireless Technologies, Lecture 5 - Rehab Robots,…

- - - - Shifts with changes
    - - All elements affect each other
- - - - Digital phones can cause buzzing or static, especially mobile phones
  - - - Measure of immunity to radio frequency interference for acoustic coupling hearing aids
    - - Measure of performance when used w/ an inductive coupling (telecoil) hearing aid
- - - - Touchscreen smartphones came out
        
        Less accessible
- - - - Mounts, non-slip cases, voice control, STT/TTS
  - - - Eye-gaze trackers
        
        Allow them to "scan" & select items on screen
        
        Can be slow & tiring
      - Head pointers
- - - - Drives industry to incorporate features & standards that go beyond what they would normally
  - - - Unless it is "not achievable"
  - - - Set specific technical requirements that manufacturers must adhere to
    - - Set broad objectives, let manufacturers innovate their own solutions
- - - - Personal Health
      - Wellness
      - Daily Life
- - - - ~5M Deaths
  - - - 30% of all injury related deaths
  - - - Prevalence rising
- - - - Blockage
    - - Ruptures
- - - - Knee-Ankle (KA)
        
        Supports knee/ankle motion correction
    - - Trunk-Hip (TH)
        
        Lifting/Carrying Tasks
    - - Hip-Knee (HK)
        
        Hip/Knee motion correction
      - Trunk-Hip-Knee (THK)
        
        Corrects spine alignment, allows paralyzed individuals to walk upright
      - Hip-Knee-Ankle (HKA)
        
        Gait rehab of hip, knee, ankle
      - Trunk-Knee-Hip-Ankle (TKHA)
        
        Designed for soldiers needing enhanced strength or paraplegic patients
  - - - Rigid
        
        Strong, but heavy
      - Soft
        
        Lightweight/Flexible, but weak
      - Hybrid
        
        Balance btwn flexibility & stability, but more complex to design & control
    - - Rehabilitative
        
        Restore lost gait or motor function
        
        Aid in recovery
        
        User intention detected by EMG or EEG
        
        Assists weak mucles & joint movement
      - Disability-Assisted
        
        Compensate for lost/limited motor function
        
        External support for those who can't recover
- - - - Allows practising of games and tasks
- - - - Care-O-Bot
- - - - Design is useful and marketable
    - - Design accommodates a wide range of preferences & abilities
    - - Design is simple to us regardless of user's experience
    - - Design efficiently conveys important info regardless of ambient conditions or user's sensory abilities
    - - Design minimizes dangers & negative consequences
- - - - Performance
      - Measurement Uniformity
      - Safety
  - - - Pressure Sores
      - Back Pain
      - Join contractures
      - Postural defomities
      - Edema in lower extremities
    - - Rigid base
      - Pelvic stabilization
        
        Posterior sloping of seat
        
        Wedged seats/cusions
      - Arm suppports
      - Foot Support
        
        Swing Away
        
        60-70 degrees
        
        More natural 90 degree
      - Head-support
        
        Needed when there's poor head control or if vehicle use is happening
      - Tilt/Recline Systems
        
        Help users who can't shift their own weight redistribute pressure
  - - - Standing position helps mitigate prolonged seating issues
      - Functional & physchological
        
        Allows users to be at eye level and reach objects
  - - - Reach high objects
      - Be at eye level
    - - Creates downholl transfer angle
        
        Reduces strain on user's upper body
      - Easier to rise from a lower seat
  - - - Assessment & Training
      - Certified Driver Rehab Specialist (CDRS)
        
        Determines the best adaptive tech for a client
- - - - Idiopathic
        
        Curves for which there are no apparent cause
      - Congenital
        
        Vertebrae develop incorrectly inutero
      - Neuromuscular
        
        Neuromuscular disorder induced
      - Syndromic
        
        Cause by certain syndromes
  - - - Back brace/cast
        
        Boston Brace
        
        T7 or lower
        
        Milwaukee Brace
        
        High T or C spine
        
        Risser's Cast
        
        Up C spine & contracting chin & skull
- - - - Assess posture in current seating system
    - - Evaluate spinal & pelvic alignment in lying-down position
    - - Observe postural alignment in unsupported seated position
    - - Test strength, co-ordiation, and range of motion of arms & hands
- - - - Only about 5% have access to any prosthetic care
  - - - Ulcer -> Infection -> Amputation
      - More common in diabetics
      - Trans-tibial (below knee) most common
        
        Then trans-femoral (above knee)
- - - - 10% increased energy cost
    - - 35% increased energy cost
  - - - Mentally/physically prepare
      - Surgical techniques
        
        Myoplasty
        
        Connecting opposing muscles over bone
        
        For padding & improved muscle function
        
        Myodesis
        
        Directle attaching severed muscles to bone
        
        For improved force generation & control
        
        More taxing
    - - Surgical recover/wound management
      - Prepare to wear prothesis
        
        1-2 months after surgery
      - Limbs change volume over time after surgery
        
        Decrease significantly
        
        Due to atrophy, subsiding edema, & fluid expulsion
        
        Shrinkers & prosthetic socks essential to maintain constant socket fit
    - - Get fit for prosthesis
        
        Multiple fittings & devices may be used
        
        2-6 months after surgery
      - Long-term follow-up
        
        6-18 months after surgery
      - Once volume has stabalized (3-6 months), permanent prosthesis is prescribed
  - - - Non-Ambulator
        
        No prosthesis
    - - Household Ambulator
        
        Basic prosthesis
    - - Limited Community Ambulator
        
        Flexible keel foot
    - - Unlimited Community/Active Ambulator
        
        Dynamic response, fluid-controlled knees/ankles
    - - High Activity User/Athlete
        
        Mircoprocessor knees, specialized sport devices
  - - - Load transferred through rigid outer shell
    - - Modern standard
      - Internal pylon structure
- - - - Soft foam heel
    - - Wooden/plastic keel provides support
    - - Generally most basic & least expensive
  - - - Like Chell in Portal