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Mind Map #3, 3 Functions, Characterized by, underground rivers in large…
Mind Map #3
Reading #5 - Biodiversity
The Biosphere
Mosiac of ecosystems
Divided into Biomes
Vegetation Type
Climatic Characteristics
All urban activities depend on a healthy ecosystem and biosphere
They provide goods and services that sustain human lives
Biosphere Reserves
Regions of Terrestrial and coastal/marine ecosystems
Allows cities to plan for green spaces that will be critical for the survival of ecosystems and biodiversity
Connected with concept of connected wildlands
Preservation of wildlands essential to many species survival
Biodiversity loss
Threatening plant and animal loss
Even called the sixth mass extinction or the extinction of the holocene
The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History by Elizabeth Kolbert
Threatening sustainable development
Global Initiatives for protection
Goals of protection are:
Conservation of biological diversity
To obtain: Working towards creating controlled environments that prevent impacts on biodiversity
Sustainable use of its components
Fair and equitable sharing of benefits from genetic resources
Cities have large impacts on ecosystems
To improve the situation, cities must be seen as networked ecovillages in their bioregions
"Reduces the efficiency by which ecological communities capture biologically essential resources, produce biomass, decompose and recycle biologically essential nutrients." (Biodiversity Loss and its Impact on Humanity, Cardinale, et al., 2012)
Due to: Climate Change, deforestation, pollution, etc.
Cities are often threats to biodiversity
But
Also gives opportunities for conservation and regeneration
Biodiversity nurtured through community gardens, backyards, school gardens, public spaces, etc.
Work towards breeding plants/animals (endangered species) in rural areas
Reading #6 - Producing Edible Landscapes in Seattle's Urban
Forest
Edible landscapes
Food forests
Fruit orchards
Solidarity gardens
Creates opportunities for
growing plants, farming and raising animals
Imrpove food sovereignty
Rural Forest
Associated with
Production
Maple syrup
Lumber
Firewood
Urban Forests
Coordinated planning
Policies, laws and regulations
preservation
Protecting trees and vegetation
Managing trees and vegetation
Permit for certain fruit trees in certain areas because their fruits are a lot of work to clean up
Municipal departments and various organisations
Planting trees
pruning trees
Planting pervious surfaces in road edges
For stormwater drainage
significantly reduces stress on aqueducts and reduces flooding risks
Uncoordinated planning
Associated with
Importance for service rather than products
Products
Fruits/berries
Urban fruit picking activities
Pruning activities
Canning activities
Fruit drying
Reduce food waste
Himalayan Blackberries
Is an
Invasive Species
2 more items...
Nuts
Urban sustainability and urban food systems sustainability
Medicinal plants
Mushrooms
Services
Aesthetic value
Creates a visions of green spaces as
Amenities and luxury items
Carbon storage and sequestration
air and water quality improvement
Can be transformed into
Ella Gillies, Elora Michaud
3 Functions
Nature conservation
Environmental education, research, and monitoring
Sustainable development
Characterized by
underground rivers in large paved cities
Underground rivers found in montreal
https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/hidden-rivers-flooding-1.7293373
Restoration projects