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Skeletal Syystem Alison Acuna Period 3 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal Syystem Alison Acuna Period 3
microscopic anatomy of bone tissue
Cells:
Osteocytes: Mature bone cells that are embedded in the bone matrix. They are responsible for maintaining bone homeostasis and sensing mechanical stress.
Osteoblasts: Immature bone cells that produce bone matrix (osteoid).
Osteoclasts: Cells that break down bone tissue for remodeling and repair.
Extracellular Matrix:
Collagen: A protein that provides structural support to bone tissue.
Mineral salts: Calcium and phosphate crystals that give bone its hardness and rigidity.
Blood Vessels:
Bone tissue is highly vascularized, which allows for the delivery of nutrients and the removal of waste products.
Structure of Bone Tissue:
There are two main types of bone tissue: compact bone and spongy bone.
Movements allowed by Synovial Joints
Angular
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
special
gliding, inversion, eversion, protraction, retraction
rotational
rotation, circumduction
Bone fracture repair
is a complex process that involves the bodysnatural healing mechanisms and may require medical intervention
surgical repair
non-surgical
bone grafting
athroplasty
Bone Names
flat- skull bones, ribs, sternum, scapula, pelvic bones
long- fibula, metacarpal, tibia, radius, femur,
irregluar
Short- carpal, tarsal, patella
bone remodeling
A continuous process that involves the breakdown of old or damaged bone tissue and its replacement with new bone
Anatomy of the long bone
epiphysis, dialysis, epiphysis
Disorders/diseases
Osteaporosis- bones become weak and brittle increasing risks of fractures
Paget's disease- Condition where bone remodeling is abnormally accelerated
osteoarthritis- wear and tear joint disease that affects cartiage
osteogenesis- a group of gentic disorders that causes bones to be excessively brittle and fracture easily
osteosarcoma- a cancer that starts in the bone forming cells
osteomyelitis- inflammation of bone marrow due to infection
Joints (and examples of each type)
fibrous- immovable or fixed joints
sutures that bind the bones of the skull, gomphoses that anchor teeth to the jawbone, syndesmoses that connect parallel bones like the radius and ulna in the forearm
synovial- slightly movable
hip and shoulder- ball-and-socket joint, elbow and knee- hinge joint, thumb- saddle, neck-pivot, wrist- condyloid
Cartilangenous- slightly moveable
epiphyseal plates- growth plates at the end of long bones,
differences between male and female skeleton
Females have a bigger inlet compared to men because female need to give birth
Male skeletons are usually larger and heavier with more defined features on the skull due to greater muscle mass