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Skeletal System, Hugo Ramirez, …

- - - - Skull( protects the brain)
        
        Cranium (head bones)
        
        Mandible (jawbone)
      - Vertebral Column(supports body and protects spinal cord)
        
        Cervical
        
        Thoracic
        
        Coccyx
        
        Lumbar
        
        Sacrum
      - Thoracic Cage(protects heart and lungs)
        
        Ribs
        
        Sternum
  - - - Clavicle
      - Scapula
    - - Humerus
      - Radius
      - Ulna
      - Carpals
      - Metacarpals
      - Phalanges
    - - Ilium
      - Ischium
      - pubis
    - - Femur
      - Tibia
      - Fibula
      - Tarsals
      - phalanges
      - metatarsals
- - - - cartilage fills the gap
      - Step 3 is Bony Callus Formation
        
        spongy bone replaces cartilage
        
        Step 4 is Remodeling
        
        compact bone replaces spongy bone, restoring shape
- - - - wider, shallow, larger inlet for childbirt
    - - More narrow and deeper
  - - - rounder forehead, smaller jaw
    - - larger, more pronounced brow ridges and jaw
  - - - lighter and smoother
    - - Thick and Heavier
- - - - Osteon (Haversian system)
        
        functional unit of bone
      - Central Canal
        
        carries blood vessels and nerves
      - Lamellae
        
        concentric rings of matrix
      - Lacunae
        
        small cavities with osteocytes
      - Canaliculi
        
        channels connecting osteocytes for nutrient exchange
  - - - lattice of bone for lightness and strength
    - - site of blood cell production
- - - - fragile bone
  - - - soft bones in kids
- - - - Supination, Pronation
      - Dorsiflexion, Plantar flexion
      - Inversion, Eversion
      - Protraction, Retraction
      - Elevation, Depression
- - - - Osteoblasts
        
        build bone (bone deposition)
        
        Osteoclasts
        
        break down bone (bone resorption)
        
        Osteocytes
        
        maintain bone matrix
  - - - increases calcium by activating osteoclasts
    - - lowers calcium by stimulating osteoblasts
    - - strengthens areas under pressure
- - - - Fibrous
        
        no movement
        
        ex: skull sutures
      - Cartilaginous
        
        slight movement
        
        ex: intervertebral discs
      - Synovial
        
        free movement
        
        ex: knee, shoulder
  - - - Synarthrosis
        
        immovable
      - Amphiarthrosis
        
        slightly movable
      - Diarthrosis
        
        freely movable