Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Resource Management + Water - Coggle Diagram
Resource Management + Water
Why is Food, Water, and Energy important to our wellbeing?
Food
Correct nutrition
Farming (LIC job)
Energy to work/go to school
Water
Industrial Processes such as car manufacturing
Less risk of heat exhaustion and dehydration
Good hygiene such as showering - prevents diseases from spreading
Energy
Powers technology/services
Supports jobs in the quaternary sector (IT)
Free time such as gaming consoles
Communications
Why does the UK import 80% of its foods?
Agribusiness
Very large farming consisting of lots of bought out family farms
Often one crop is produced on a mass scale - monoculture
Application of chemicals to speed up production
Organic Farming
Reduces food miles - lower CO2 production
Less pesticides used - less pollution
provides local employment
People demand food out of season
(e.g. they want strawberries all year round)
Primary industry has declined in the UK as we now work in tertiary and quaternary sectors
The UK climate is unsuitable for the production of some foods such as cocoa
How has the demand for water changed across the UK?
Why is demand for water increasing in the UK?
Since 1975, domestic use of water has increased by 75%
UK has a lot of energy intensive industries that require water such as fracking
Changing climate (warmer summers, less rainfall) increases demand for water
Case Study
Kielder Water Transfer Scheme
holds 200 billion litres of water
water is transferred from the Kielder Reservoir in Northern England down to areas of water deficit (London)
Guaranteed water supply for millions of people - increase in QOL
Ensured continuous water suppy for industries
Creation of the Kielder Forest provides habitats and supports biodiversity
2700 acres of land flooded - displaced farms and communities and lost historical sites which decreases tourism
Expensive (£167 million)
How has UK Energy Mix changed overtime?
Nuclear Energy
Uranium atoms are bombarded by smaller neutron particles - causing atoms to break down in nuclear fission, releasing heat energy
Produces fewer emissions than traditional sources such as coal
High costs for producing electricity
Decommissioning old nuclear power plants is expensive
risks harmful radiation leaks
Fracking
Extracting underground sources of gas by pumping water into rock, causing gas to break out of the well and be collected
Less reliant on fossil fuels
Enhances energy security
Causes earthquakes
Can pollute local water supplies
Coal Production
Has decreased overtime due to:
Closure of mines
Growing concerns about fossil fuels
Has left the UK reliant on overseas imports of oil and gas - makes our energy supply vulnerable (RUSSIA)
Renewable Energy
Energy sources that won't run out
Will not run out
Has very little negative impacts on environment
Reduce dependence on foreign energy
Unreliable (relies on weather)
Large set up costs
Visual pollution
Energy Mix
The different energy sources we use as a country and in what proportions
What are the Global Patterns of Water Deficiency and Surplus?
Why has water consumption increased around the world?
Rising Population
Global population has grown by over 5 billion since 1990
More people will need water for drinking, washing, cooking, etc
Economic Development
As countries become more industrialised, they produce more products, using up more water
Water is essential for producing HEP and to drive turbines in fossil fuel power stations
Factors affecting water availability
Over-Abstraction
Mexico City has rapid population growth = more water taken from aquifiers to meet demands
Mexico City sinking as the clay rich foundation is DRY
Climate
Low rainfall + high temperatures = water deficits due to high evaporation
Saudi Arabia = desert so little accessible water
Water must be removed from ocean and desalinated ($$$)
Geology
Permeable rock allows water to flow through them - forms aquifiers, increasing water availability
70% of water supply in SE England comes from a chalk aquifier
Impacts of Water Insecurity
Lower Industrial Output
A shortage in water cost China $40bn in lowered industrial production
Factories had to be temporarily closed
Lower Food Production
Farming uses 70% of all the global water supply
Conflict
Turkey has built a dam which is significantly reducing the flow of water in Syria, Iraq, and Iran
How can we increase water supply?
Kielder Reservoir
water collected in reservoirs is transported to water deficit cities such as London and Oxford
Guaranteed water supply for millions of people - increase in QOL
Tourist site so attracts tourists - creating jobs for the locals
Expensive (£167 million)
2700 acres of land flooded, including historical sites and homes, decreasing tourism
Desalination in the UAE
turning salt water into potable water
Reduces water insecurity
Can increase dependence on fossil fuels
Expensive to import desalinated water into inland areas
South to North Water Transfer Scheme
transports 29.4 cubic metres of water to 120 million people
allows China to develop economy / industry ($16B already earnt)
80% freshwater from South so crops can be irrigated
Large acres across route flooded - which destroys habitats and harms ecosystems
huge cost of $70M to taxpayers
The Wakel River Basin
Taankas
Collects surface water from roofs
Concrete keeps the water cool, preventing evaporation
Expensive
Joheds
Prevent surface runoff from taking place
5 rivers that used to dry up flow throughout the year
Only collect small quantities of water so it doesn't help all the villagers
Pats
Transfer water to the fields for irrigation
require constant maintenance to stop them from filling with silt
Rajasthan, North-West India
53°C
<200mm rainfall /year