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OH1: CARIOLOGY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - “The results of a localized chemical dissolution of the tooth surface caused by metabolic events taking place in the biofilm (dental plaque) covering the affected area. The destruction can affect enamel, dentin and cementum.”
        
        "Caries is not simply a continuous and unidirectional process of the demineralization of the mineral phase, but appears to be cyclic, with periods of demineralization immediately following metabolism of a fermentable substrate by the plaque flora, interspersed with periods of remineralization."
  - - - Pits and fissures caries
        
        Smooth surfaces caries
        
        Interproximal caries
        
        Root caries
    - - Primary caries Recurrent/ secondary caries Residual carie
    - - Rampant caries
        
        Early childhood caries
        
        Nursing bottle caries
        
        Bakers’ caries
        
        Radiation caries
        
        Drug-induced caries
    - - Early/ initial/ incipient lesion
        
        Hidden/ occult caries (fluoride bomb)
        
        Non-cavitated lesion
        
        Cavitated lesion
  - - - WORM
        
        ≈ 5000 BC
        • Most dominant in mid 19th century
        • Caries is caused by a worm which drinks the blood of the teeth and feeds on the root of the jaw.
        • In Egypt, China, India, Japan, Greece and Europe
      - HUMORAL - •“Dental caries is produced by internal action of acrid and corroding humors”
      - VITAL
        
        “Tooth is an integral part of the body, vitally affected by the body. Disease processes take place from the “insideout”.
        
        Tooth decay originates from within the tooth itself.”
      - CHEMICAL- •Decay arises from acids formed in the oral cavity
      - PARASITIC - •microorganisms infiltrate the enamel, leading to decomposition.
      - Miller’s Chemo-parasitic - •Three factors: microorganisms, with the aid of enzymes degrade ingested carbohydrate to form acids. Acid destroys enamel and dentin, eventually leading to cavitation.
      - G. V. Black & J. L. Williamin - ‘dental plaque’ is a colonization of endogenous microorganisms on the tooth surface that caused tooth dissolution
      - Orland et al., Keyes & Fitzgerald revolution - •Proved the strong causal relationship of specific microorganisms such as Streptococci, Lactobacilli, and Actinomyces present in the dental plaque with the incidence of caries. These studies also postulated that dental caries is a transmissible, microbial disease.