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CHAPTER 8 - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 8
8.1
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METABOLIC PATHWAYS
METABOLIC PATHWAY - A SPECIFIC MOLECULE IS ALTERED IN A SERIES OF DEFINED STEPS, RESULTING IN A CERTAIN PRODUCT
CATABOLIC PATHWAYS - m.p. that release energy by breaking down complex molecules into smaller compounds (major one is CELLULAR RESPIRATION)
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CHEMICAL ENERGY - term used by biologists to refer the potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
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FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS - energy of the universe is constant, energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS - during every energy transfer/transformation, some energy is converted thermal energy and released as heat, becoming unavailable to do work | every energy transfer/transformation increases the entropy of the universe
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8.4
CATALYSIS - the process by which a catylist selectively speeds up a reaction without itself being consumed
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COFACTORS - adjuncts bound tightly to the enzyme as permanent residents/may bind loosely and reversibly along with substrate
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COMPETITIVE INHIBITORS - mimics that reduce the productivity of enzyes by blocking substrates from entering active sites
NONCOMPETITIVE INHIBITORS - do not directly comppete with the substrate to bind to the enzyme at the active site
8.2
FREE ENERGY - portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system
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8.3
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PHOSPHORYLATED INTERMEDIATE - the recipient molecule with the phosphate group covalently bonded to it
8.5
ALLOSTERIC REGULATION - term used to describe any case in which a protein’s function at one site is affected by the binding of a regulatory molecule to a separate site
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FEEDBACK INHIBITION - when a metabolic pathway is halted by the inhibitory binding of its end product to an enzyme that acts early in the pathway
