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Introduction to Metabolism - Coggle Diagram
Introduction to Metabolism
Metabolism
totality of an organism’s chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the organism
Metabolic Pathway
Catabolic
metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules
Anabolic
metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules
Energy
capacity to cause change, especially to do work (to move matter against an opposing force)
Kinetic
energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter
Thermal
Kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms and molecules; energy in its most random form
potential
energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (structure)
Chemical
Energy available in molecules for release in a chemical reaction; a form of potential energy
Thermodynamics
study of energy transformations in a collection of matter
first law of thermodynamics
The principle of conservation of energy: Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed
second law of thermodynamics
The principle stating that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Usable forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat
free energy
The portion of a biological system’s energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system
exergonic reaction
spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy
endergonic reaction
nonspontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings
A cell does three main kinds of work 1)Chemical Work 2)Transport Work 3)Mechanical Work
ATP
adenine-containing nucleoside triphosphate that releases free energy when its phosphate bonds are hydrolyzed. This energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells
Enzyme
macromolecule serving as a catalyst, a chemical agent that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction. Most enzymes are proteins
activation energy
The amount of energy that reactants must absorb before a chemical reaction will start; also called free energy of activation
enzyme-substrate complex
A temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s)
