Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
An Introduction to Metabolism” - Coggle Diagram
An Introduction to Metabolism”
Thermodyamics
First law
energy can be transferred or transformed. Never created nor destroyed
Seen in plants creating chemical energy from the sun, following through photosynthesis and creating oxygen. Then humans using oxygen for cellular resperation.
Second law
when energy is transformed or transferred in living organisms some energy is lost as heat
Ice melting on a tray while the warm water cools dpwn
Bioenergetic
The study of how heat flows
The study of energy transformations
Isolated systems
closed to all surroundings
Seen in a waterbottle
Open systems
Open to all surroundings
humans breathing in O2 and exhaling CO2
Metabolism
the building and the breaking down reactions, chemical only
Anabolic Reactions
Build things
Smaller units of amino acids join to create a protein
Catabolic reactions
Break things down
Seen when muscle breaks down, protein turns back into amino acids
Energy
the amount you are able to do change and work
Exergonic reaction
energy outward.
Energy Coupling
Uses both processes to make each other happen
Mainly seen in ATP
Endergonic reaction
energy needed
Kinetic Energy
The energy of motion
This would be how fast you are going down a hill on a skate board, mph
Thermal energy
Transfer of heat from one thing to another
This is seen when you have a fire and roast a marshmallow. Getting it hot
Light energy
Harnessed to do work
Seen in photosynthesis
Potential Energy
Stored energy
This is when you are at the top of the hill but yet to push on to the skateboard to head down the hill
Chemical energy
Potential energy that can be released by a chemical reaction
Sunlight to a plant to become ATP
Gibbs Free Energy
Delta G= Delta H-T*delta S
Used to calculate free energy
Free energy
Is the portion of a systems energy that can do work when the temperature a
and pressure are uniform throughout the system as in a living cell
Equilibrium
e point at which forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate
is a state of maximum stability
enzyme
Catalyst
chemical agent that speeds up a reaction
acts as a catalyst to speed up reactions
It cannot change delta G, just the reaction that would normally happen
Substrate
What enzyme reacts to
this is lactose (substrate) and Lactase (enzyme)
enzyme substrate complez
Where the substrate and active site bonds
Cofactor
non protein helpers that bind to the enzymes permanently or reversibly with a substrate
Coenzymes
organic cofactors, contains carbon
Competitive inhibition
kinda resembles a substrate, can bind to an active site
Non competitive inhibition
on another part of the enzyme, combines to another part of the active site. Changes the shape, cannot bind the original enzymes
active site
groove where the enzyme binds to
Induced Fits
This is when the interaction of the enzyme and substrate. "Hugs"
