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Chapter 8:Intro to Metabolism - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 8:Intro to Metabolism
Metabolic pathway: A Specific molecule is altered in a series of steps to produce a product
Metabolism: Totality of an organism chemical reaction
Catabolic pathways: Releases energy by breaking down complex molecules into smaller compounds
Anabolic pathways: Consume energy to build complex molecules
Bioenergetics: study of how energy flows through livng organism
Forms on Energy
Kinetic Energy: Energy associated with motion
Thermal Energy: Kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules
Heat: Transfer of thermal energy from one object to another
Potential Energy: Energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
Chemical Energy: potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
Laws of Energy Transformation
Thermodynamics: Study of energy transformation in a collection of matter
1st Law: The energy of universe is constant
2nd law: Energy transfer increase the entropy of the universe
Spontaneous process: Process that increase the entropy of the universe
Free-Energy Change
A portion of a system's energy can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system
Exergonic reaction: Proceeds with a net release of free energy to the surroundings
Energy Coupling: The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic reaction
Endergonic reaction: absorbs free energy from the surroundings
ATP(Adenosine Triphosphate): Compose of ribose, nitrogenous base, and three phosphate groups
Phosphorylated Intermediate: a recipient molecule from the transfer of a phosphate group to power endergonic reactions
Catalyst: A Chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed in reaction
Enzyme: a macromolecule that speeds up a specific reaction
Substrate: Reactant that acts on the specific enzyme
Enzyme-substrate complex: The OVERALL bond between enzyme and substrate
Active site: Region of the enzyme that binds to the substrate
Induced fit: Enzyme tightening around the substrate which results from interactions between the chemical group on the substrate and active site
Cooperativity: Substrate binding to one active site triggers a shape change for all other sites
Competitive inhibitors: Closely resemble the substrate and can bind to enzyme active site
Noncompetitive inhibitors: Bind to another part of the enzyme, away from the active site
Allosteric regulation: Occurs when a regulatory molecule binds to a protien at one site and affects the protein at another sire
Feedback Inhibition: End product of a metabolic pathway which shuts down the pathway
Cofactors: Non-proteins that help enzymes permanently or reversibly with substrate
Coenzymes: Organic cofactors