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animal physiology part 2 - Coggle Diagram
animal physiology part 2
chapter 42
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how breathing works
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inhalation- diapragm contracts and moves downward, expanding chest cavity and drawing in air
exhalation- diaphragm relaxes, chest cavity shrinks, and air is pushed out
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chapter 43
innate immunity
Innate immunity provides immediate, nonspecific defense against pathogens.
physical barriers- skin, mucous membranes. chemical barriers- antimicrobial proteins, stomach acid, and saliva enzymes
cellular defenses- phagocytosis engulf pathogens
inflammatory response- increase blood flow and immune activity at infection sites
When you get a cut, histamines cause redness and swelling as white blood cells rush to the site.
adaptive immunity
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B cells- produce antibodies that neutralize or destroy invaders, T cells- attack infected cells or help activate other immune cells
After getting the flu vaccine, your body produces memory cells that protect you from the same strain later
Antigen receptors on lymphocytes recognize specific molecules from pathogens, and memory cells ensure a faster, stronger response if the same pathogen reappears
types of immunity
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active immunity- your body makes its own antibodies
passive immunity- antibodies are received from another source
Babies gain passive immunity from antibodies in breast milk, protecting them before their own immune system fully develops
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