Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Diet & Health, Cardiovascular Disease, ↑ ↓ - Coggle Diagram
Diet & Health
Cardiovascular Disease
Reducing risk factors of CVD
Risk factors can be:
Aspects of a person’s lifestyle (such as the food they eat)
Lifestyle Factors Linked to CVD
Diet
High in salt
↑ blood cholesterol levels, ↑ atheroma formation and therefore thrombosis
High in saturated fats
↑ blood pressure
High blood pressure
↑ the risk of damage to the artery walls, ↑ atheroma formation, and therefore thrombosis
High BP is linked to other lifestyle factors such as stress
Smoking
CO combines with Hg in RBCs and ↓ the O₂ carrying capacity; this ↓ respiration rate in cells of the brain and heart which can lead to a stroke and heart attack
↓ the levels of antioxidants (protective chemicals) in the blood; this ↑ the risk of damage to cells lining the arteries (endothelial cells) → atheroma formation → thrombosis
Substances in a person’s body or environment (such as air pollution in a crowded city)
Genetic predispositions (means you carry a higher risk of developing a disease, but you don’t have it)
Other biological factors such as age or biological sex
Main Factors:
Age
risk of CVD ↑ with age due to blood vessels becoming more fragile and lose their elasticity and plaque building up over time (causing them to narrow slightly)
Genetics
Inheriting alleles → more prone to high BP or high blood cholesterol → more likely to develop CVD
Biological sex
Men are more likely to suffer with CVD than premenopausal (still menstruating), most likely bcz they have ↓ levels of hormones such as oestrogen (which ↑ levels of cholesterol in blood)
REMEBER: risk factors do not cause the disease, they contribute to the chances of developing the disease
What is risk?
Risk is the probability of an event to occur.
What is relative risk?
The probability that an event will take place in one group compared to another.
Dietary Antioxidants & CVD
Antioxidants include Vitamins such as:
Vitamin A
Found in orange vegetables
Vitamin E
Found in leafy vegetables
Vitamin C
For the formation of connective tissues in the body such as bones, teeth, skin, and the endothelial lining of blood vessels.
Found in Citrus Fruits
Chemical name - ascorbic acid
People underestimate
some risks because:
↑ ↓
↓
→