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An Introduction to Metabolism - Coggle Diagram
An Introduction to Metabolism
An Organism's Metabolism
Metabolic Pathway
Catabolic Pathway
Releases energy
Breaks down
Anabolic Pathway
Consumes energy
Builds
bioenergetics
Study how energy flows through living organism
Forms of energy
Kinetic
Relative motion
Thermal
random movement
Potential
energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
Chemical
chemical reaction
Capacity to cause change
Laws of Energy Transformation
Thermodynamics
study of energy transformation
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy of the universe is constant
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Entropy
measure of molecular disorder
Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe
Spontaneous process
The Free Energy Change of Reaction
Free energy
The portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system
Change of free energy
:small_red_triangle:G = :small_red_triangle:H - T :small_red_triangle:S
:small_red_triangle:G = G
F
- G
I
Exergonic
release free energy
Endergonic
Absorbs free energy
ATP Powers Cellular Work
Energy coupling
The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
ATP
phosphorylated intermediate
a molecule with a phosphate group covalently bound to it
Regulation of Enzyme Activity
Enzyme
catalyst
chemical agent that speeds up reaction
a macromolecule
activation energy
energy required to contort the reactant molecules so bonds can break
substrate
reactant an enzyme acts on
enzyme-substrate complex
Active site
restrictive region of the enzyme molecule actually binds to the substrate
Cofactors
Coenzyme
Nonprotein helpers that bind to the enzyme permanently, or reversibly with the substrate
Competitive inhibitors
closely resemble the substrate and can bind to the enzyme's active site
Noncompetitive inhibitors
bind to another part of the enzyme, away from the active site
Regulation of enzyme
Allosteric regulation
Occurs when a regulatory molecule binds to a protein at one site affects the proteins function at another site
feedback inhibition
The end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the pathway
Cooperativity
amplifies the response of enzymes to substrates