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Skeletal System Jessica Velazquez, Period 3 - Coggle Diagram
Skeletal System Jessica Velazquez, Period 3
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Bone remodeling
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Purpose: keeps bones strong, adapts to stress, and balances calcium levels
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Joints
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Synovial joints: freely movable; contain fluid and ligaments (ex: knee, hip, shoulder, elbow)
Male and Female skeleton
Pelvis:
Female: wider, shallower, larger pelvic inlet and pubic arch for childbirth
Male: narrower, taller, smaller pelvic inlet
Skull:
Male: heavier, more prominent brow ridges and jaw
Female: rounder, smoother, smaller facial bones
Overall: female bones are lighter, thinner, and less dense; male bones are larger and heavier
Names of the bones
Axial Skeleton
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Vertebrae (Spine bones) – protect spinal cord; Cervical vertebrae (Neck area), Thoracic vertebrae (Upper back), Lumbar vertebrae (Lower back), Sacrum (Base of spine), Coccyx (Tailbone)
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Types of Bones
Long bones: longer than wide; support weight and movement (ex: femur, humerus)
Short bones: cube-shaped; provide stability and limited motion (ex: carpals, tarsals); sesamoid bones: small bones in tendons to reduce friction (ex: patella)
Flat bones: thin and curved; protect internal organs (ex: skull, ribs, sternum, scapula)
Irregular bones: complex shape for special functions (ex: vertebrae, pelvis)
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Bone fracture repair
Hematoma forms: blood vessels break, forming a clot and inflammation
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Bony callus forms: spongy bone replaces cartilage, forming a hard callus
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Disorders/diseases
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Fractures: broken bones (simple, compound, comminuted, greenstick types)