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Introduction to Metabolism - Coggle Diagram
Introduction to Metabolism
An Organism's Metabolism
Forms of Energy
Kinetic
Definition: Energy of motion
Thermal
Definition: Energy of heat
Potential
Definition: Has the potential to occur
Chemical
Definition: Energy within chemical reactions
Definition: Anabolic reactions + Catabolic reactions (building up + breaking down)
Reactions
Catabolic
Definition: Releases energy
Metabolic
Definition: Altering a molecule to produce a product
Anabolic
Definition: Absorbs energy
Exergonic
Definition: Releases free energy
Endergonic
Definition: Absorbs free energy
The Free Energy Change of a Reaction
Definition: The capacity to cause change
Gibb's energy
Definition: How the available extra energy is determined
Spontaneous process
Definition: Occurs without energy input; can happen quickly or slowly
Non-spontaneous process
Definition: Process that decreases entropy
Equations
ΔG = G final state - G initial state
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
ΔS = Change in entropy
ΔH = Change in enthalpy
T = Temperature in Kelvin
ΔG = Change in free energy
ATP Powers Cellular Work
Chemical
Definition:Pushes endergonic reactions
Transport
Definition: Moves substances across membrane
Mechanical
Definition: Sustains reactions
Energy coupling
Definition: The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
Enzymes Speed Up Metabolic Reactions
Restriction enzymes
Definition: Cuts DNA at certain sequences
Catalyst enzyme
Definition: Speeds up reactions
The Laws of Energy Transformation
Thermodynamics
Definition
Study of energy transformation
1st Law
Energy can be transformed, but NOT created nor destroyed
2nd Law
Energy conversion occurs, and releases heat when so
Entropy
Definition: Disorder or randomness
How ATP Provides Energy
Phosphorylation
Definition: Transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to another molecule
Phosphorylated intermediate
Definition: The recipient that is more reactive