Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Cement - Coggle Diagram
Cement
Portland Cement
Lime sources
limestone, chalk, shells.
Silcia Sources
clay, sand , shale
Alumina sources
Bauxite,clay
Iron sources
Iron one, Mill scale
Manufacturing Proccess
quarrying and crushing
grinding and homogenization
calcination and clinkering
finish grinding
Gypsum addition
Envoiremental & economic act
A. Envoiremental challenges
CO2 Emitions
Energy consumptions
Resources deplition
Dust & air pollution
B. Mitigation & sustainability
Clinker substitution
Maximizing the use of SCMs
Alternative fuels
Using municipal or industrial waste fuels to power the kiln
CCS
Emerging techonology to capture CO2
Novel cements
Research into low-carbon alternatives (e.g. Geopolymer Cements , etc
C. Economic Importance
Global industry
Massive. multibillion dollar global market
Infastructure drive
Essential for construction and infastructure development world-wide
Employment
Significant employer in manufacturing
Definition
A binder that sets and hardens
It means Hydraulic CEment
Classification
Hydraulic cement (most common)
Portland Cement
Blended Cements
Non-Hydraulic Cement
Hardens only in dry conditions
cement chemistry
Four main oxides
lime
silica
alumina
iron oxide
The four main clinker phases
alite
Belite
aluminate
ferrite
application and related materials
A. primary application
concrete, mortar, grout
supplementary cementation materials
Purpose
To replace a portion of the clinkers
types
fly ash
GGBS
Silica fume
Calcined clay