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Exploring Indian Civilization Contributions to Global Knowledge and…
Exploring Indian Civilization Contributions to Global Knowledge and Philosophy of Science
Philosophical Foundation of Science
Science in India = pursuit of truth (Satya) through observation (Pratyaksha) and reasoning (Anumana).
Based on Vedas, Upanishads, and Darshanas (Nyaya, Vaisheshika).
Focused on balance between humans, nature, and cosmos (Rita).
Knowledge divided into Paravidya (spiritual) and Aparavidya (scientific/material).
Defining Science in Ancient India
“Science” = Jnana — systematic knowledge for welfare and sustainability.
Combined empirical observation with ethical purpose.
Learning served both material advancement and moral development.
Major Scientific Contributions
b) Mathematics & Astronomy
Zero (0) and decimal system.
Trigonometry, algebra, negative numbers.
Aryabhata proposed Earth’s rotation.
Bhaskara II developed calculus concepts.
c) Medicine & Health (Ayurveda)
Charaka and Sushruta Samhitas: early surgery, anatomy, and herbal medicine.
Emphasized hygiene, balance of body–mind–spirit.
Early vaccination-like methods.
d) Astronomy & Cosmology
Eclipses, planetary motion, solar years.
Accurate Earth circumference.
a) Engineering & Technology
Indus Valley urban planning and drainage.
Wootz steel, textiles, and dyes.
Legacy and Global Influence
deas spread to Arab, Greek, and later European civilizations.
Numerals and algebra traveled via Islamic scholars.
Ayurveda inspired modern holistic medicine.
Promoted unity of science, ethics, and sustainability.
:
Punnithann Subramaniam
PLG714
Associate Professor Dr Rabiatul Adawiah Binti Ahmad Rashid