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Motion and Forces - Coggle Diagram
Motion and Forces
Forces
Forces change motion.
Force and Mass determine acceleration.
Newton's second law relates force, mass, and acceleration.
Force Equal Mass Times Acceleration
F=ma
F=Force. Force is a push or a pull or something that changes the motion of an object.
m=mass. Mass is a measure of how much matter an object is made of.
Forces act in pairs.
Forces transfer momentum.
Gravity, Friction, and Pressure
Gravity is a force exerted by masses.
Friction is a force that opposes motion.
Pressure depends on force and area.
Pressure describes how a force is spread over an area.
P=F/A
P=Pressure. Pressure is a measure of how much force is acting on a certain area or how concentrated a force is.
A=Area. Area is the measure of the extent or size of a two-dimensional surface or shape
Fluids can exert a force on objects.
Motion
Speed measures how fast position changes.
Position can change at different rates
Calculating Speed
S=d/t
S=Speed. Speed is the measure of how fast something moves through a particular distance over a definite time period.
d=distance. Distance is the total length of the path an object travels.
t=time. Time is the ongoing, irreversible sequence of events from the past, through the present, and into the future
Acceleration measures how fast velocity changes.
Acceleration can be calculated from velocity and time.
Calculating Acceleration
a=v^final-v^intial/t
a=acceleration. Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes over time.
v^final= final velocity. Final velocity is last speed in a specific direction.
v^initial=initial velocity. Initial velocity is the first speed in a specific direction.
An object in motion changes position
Work and Energy
Energy is transferred when work is done.
Work changes potential and kinetic energy
Calculating Gravitational Potential Energy
GPE=mgh
GPE=Gravitational Potential Energy. Gravitational Potential Energy is the energy an object possesses due to its vertical position or height within a gravitational field.
g=gravitational acceleration. Gravitational acceleration is the rate at which an object's velocity increases due to the force of gravity,.
Calculating Kinetic Energy
KE=1/2 mv^2
KE=Kinetic Energy. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion. A moving object has the most kinetic energy at the point where it moves the fastest.
v=velocity. Velocity is a speed in a specific direction.
Calculating Mechanical Energy
ME=PE+KE
ME=Mechanical Energy. Mechanical Energy is a combination of the kinetic energy and potential energy an object has.
PE=Potential Energy. Potential Energy is stored energy or the energy an object has due to its position, molecular arrangement, or chemical composition.
Power is the rate at which work is done.
Power can be calculated from work and time
Calculating Power from Work
P=W/t
W=Work. Work is the use of force to move an object over a distance.
Power can be calculated from energy and time
Calculating Power from Energy
P=E/t
P=Power. Power is the rate at which work is done.
E=Energy. Energy is the ability to do work or to cause a change.
Work is the use of force to move an object.
Force is necessary to do work
Calculating Work
W=Fd
Machines
Machines help people do work.
Machines change the way force is applied
Mechanical Advantage of a Machine
Mechanical Advantage=Output Force/Input Force
Mechanical Advantage is the number of times a machine multiplies the input force.
Output Force is
Input Force is the initial force that changes the motion of an object.
Output work is always less than input work
Efficiency (%)=Output work/Input work * 100
Efficiency is the percentage of the input work done on a machine that the machine can return in output work.
Output work is the work that comes out of a machine.
Input work is the work that goes into a machine.
Six simple machines have many uses.
The mechanical advantage of a machine can be calculated.
IMA=Rin/Rout
Rin=Radius of input.
Rout=Radius of output.
IMA=l/h
IMA=Ideal Mechanical Advantage. Ideal Mechanical Advantage is the best/ perfect number of times a machine multiplies the input force.
l=length of incline.
h=height of incline.
IMA=din/dout
din=distance from input force to fulcrum.
dout=distance from output force to fulcrum.
MA=Fout/Fin
Modern technology uses compound machines.