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Introduction to Linguistics - Coggle Diagram
Introduction to Linguistics
Linguistic Subfields
Historical and Comparative Linguistics
Language change and relationship
Sociolinguistics
Language and society
Psycholinguistics
Language and the mind
Applied Linguistics
Practical use of linguistic language
Anthropological Linguistics
Language and culture
Morphology :
Free Morphemes
Can stand alone
Bound Morphemes
Inflectional
Shows grammatical relationships
Derivational
Changes meaning or part of speech
Word Formation
Morpheme
Smallest unit of meaning
Syntax
Sentence Structure
How words are arranged in the sentence
Transformational Grammar
How sentecan change form but keep meaning
Constituents
Part or group of words that make up a sentence
Ambiguity
A sentence with more than one meaning
Phrase Structure Rules
Patterns that shows how phrases are formed
Grammaticality
Wether a sentence follows a grammar rules
Tree Diagrams
Visual showing sentence structure.
Sentence Type
Different forms (declarative, interogative, etc.)
Pragmatics
Presuppositions
What speakers assumes to be true
Conversational Implicature
Implied meaning beyond what is said
Deixis
Words that depend on context (this, there, now)
Speech Acts
Context- dependent expressions
Maxim's of Conversation (Grices Maxim's)
Maxim of Manner
Maxim of Quantity
Maxim of Quality
Maxim of Relevance
Linguistics as the Science of LanguLinguisco
Nature of Language
Arbitrariness
No natural connection between words and meanings
Productivity
Ability to create endless new sentences
Discreteness
Language is made of distinct,separate units (sounds, words)
Linguistic Theories
Appropriate
What fits the social or cultural situation
Possible
What can exist in my language
Feasible
What can actually be produced by humans
Performed
How language is used in life
Communicative Competence
Discourse
Connecting sentences smoothly to form meaning
Grammatical
Knowing the rules of a language
Strategic
Using strategies to communicate or fixing misunderstanding s
Sociolinguistics
Using language properly in different contexts
Phonology
Study of sound systems and patterns
Allophone
Soynd variant that does not change meaning
Phoneme
Smallest unit that cnages meaning
Semantics
Study of meaning in language
Formal semantics
Logical meaning (sense, reference, implication)
Lexical semantics
Word meanings and relation
Conceptual semantics
Cognitive meaning and mental presentation
Phonetics
Study of speech sounds
Articulatory
Sound production
Auditory
Sound perception
Acoustic
Sound properties
IPA (International phonetic alphabet)
Transcription of sounds