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What counts as knowledge?, Fact (Knowledge 1 - Coggle Diagram
What counts as knowledge?
Plato's JTB (Justified True Belief)
defines knowledge as a belief that is both true and has proper justification
they must: (J) be justified in believing it, (T) that the belief must be true, and (B) the person must have the belief.
Gettier cases
are scenarios where a belief is both true and justified, but it is only true by luck.
justification for the belief is flawed, even though the belief itself turns out to be correct.
For example: A broken clock that happens to show the correct time. You are justified in believing the time is, say, 4:30, and it is true, but you only got it right by chance, so you don't truly know the time.
Types of knowledge
Explicit
Tacit (experienced based, intuitive)
Declarative (knowing that something is true)
Opinion as a basis of knowledge
Opinion the personal viewpoint, stance of judgement that a certain group has. However, opinion can be considered a lower form of knowledge, a "true opinion" that is correct but not fully understood or justified, and may be volatile.
In order to become knowledge, it has to b e justified, true, and believe in by a large group of people. However, this creates a paradox. If two parties can collectively support their completely opposing claims with evidence, it means that there is no objective true belief
Categories of Knowledge
Experiential knowledge
Empirical Knowledge
Self-knowledge
A priori knowledge
A posteriori knowledge
Social Norms (Knowledge 2)
Plato's JTB (Knowledge 3)
Scientific concept
Fact (Knowledge 1