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Biology: The Study of Life, Chapter 5 - Coggle Diagram
Biology: The Study of Life
Chapter 1
Levels of Biological Organization
Molecules and atoms
Organelles
Cells
Tissues
Organs and organ system
Organism
Populations
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Prokarytoic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Properties of life
Energy Processing
Response to envitonment
Growth and Development
Evolution adaptation
Reproduction
Order
Regulation (Homeostasis)
Domains of Life
Archaea
Eukarya
Bacteria
Process of Science
Inductive Reasoning
Hypothesis
Deductive Reasoning
Theory
Chapter 2
Subatomic Particles
Neutron
Neutral
Electron
Negative
Proton
Positively
Nucleus
Chemical Bonds
Polar Covalent bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
Nonpolar Covalent Bonds
Electronegativity
Covalent Bonds
waters properties
Surface Tension
Heat
Adhesion
Temperature
Cohesion
Evaporative cooling
Trace elements
Iron
Iodine
Zinc
Copper
Chapter 3
Organic Compounds
Functional Groups
Hydroxyl (C-OH)
Polar
Hydrophilic
Acid
Carboxyl (COOH)
Phosphate (PO4)
Carbonyl (C=O)
Amino (C-NH2)
Methyl(CH3)
Non polar
Hydrophobic
Non-Polar
Biological Macromolecules
Carbohydrates
Energy, Structure
Proteins
Enzymes, Transport, Defense, signaling
Nucleic Acids
Genetic information storage& Expression
Lipids
Energy Storage, Membranes, Hormones
Carbon
Can make four Covalent bonds
Single Bond
Other Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Hydrogen
Halogens
Double Bond
Triple Bond
Chapter 4
Cells
Nucleus
Ribosomes
acid wall
Active Transport
ATP
Passive Transport
DNA
messenger RNA
protein synthesis
RER
produces membranes
SER
lipid synthesis
cell skeleton
microfilaments
microtubles
intermediate filaments
prokaryotic cells
bacteria
archea
prokaryotes
eukaryotic cells
eukarya
genetic control
Endomembrane system
vesicles
export molecules
storage
organelles
mitochondria
endosymbiosis
chloroplasts
lysosomes
Chapter 6
Energy & Life
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Energy Cycle
Breading VS Respiration
Breathing ( Gas Exchange)
Cellular Respiration
ATP
Maintenance
Biosynthesis
Movement
ATP Recycling
ATP Yield Summary
Glycolysis: 2 ATP
Krebs: 2 ATP
ETC:~ 28 ATP
Total: ~ 32 ATP
Redox Reactions
Oxidation
Reduction
NAD+ -> NADH
Oxygen = Final acceptor
Stages of CR
Glycolysis
Evolution of Glycolysis
Ancient Pathway
Cytosol
Pre- Oxygen
Pyruvate Oxidation + Krebs
ETC+ Chemiosmosis
Glycolysis
Cytosol
No O2
2 ATP (net)
2NADH
2 Pyruvate
Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Pyruvate Oxidation
Acetyl - CoA
CO2 Released
NADH Made
Krebs Cycle ( Citric Acid)
4 CO2 ( Per glucose)
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2ATP
Oxidative Phosphorylation
ETC
e- Carriers
H+ Gradient
O2 -> H2O
Chemiosmosis
ATP Synthase
~ 28 ATP
Brown Fat
Heat Production
Uncoupling Protein
Babies & Hibernators
Fermentation
Anaerobic
Keeps Glycolysis Running
Regenerates NAD+
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcohol Fermentation
2 ATO Total
Biosynthesis
Uses CR Intermediates
Make Proteins, Fates Sugars
Feedback Control
Other Fuel Sources
Carbs -> Glucose
Fats -> G3P & Acetyl-CoA
Proteins -> Enter CR
Chapter 7
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Cellular Respiration
C6H12O6
H2O
O2
ATP
CO2
Photosynthesis
Light
C6H12O6
CO2
H2O
Leaf
Chloroplast
Stroma
Calvin Cycle
CO2
Glucose
ATP
ADP
NADP
NADPH
Thykaloids
Light Reaction
Light Energy
H2O
ADP
O2
ATP
NADPH
NADP
Grana
Chlorophyll
Mesophyll
Stomata
Wavelength
Pigments
Photosystem
Light absorbtion
Electron Transfer
ATP, NADPH Production
Light
PS2
H+ Pump
PS1
Calvin Cycle
Carbon Fixation
Reduction
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ATP Synthesize
C3
thyklakoid membrane
Light
O2
ATP
NADPH
H2O
C4
CO2
day
CAM
Night
CO2
Chapter 8
Cell Division and Reproduction
Grown
Asexual Reproduction
Repair
Reproduciton
Sexual Reproduction
Binary Fission In Prokaryotes
Copy
Separate
Split
Eukaryotic Cell cycle and Mitosis
Chromatin
Chromosome
Sister Chromatids
The Cell Cycle Phases
G1
S
G2
M phase Mitosis + Cytokinesis
PMAT
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
Animal Cell
Cleavage furrow
Plant cells
Cell plate
Cancer Cell
divide non-stop
Meiosis and Genetic Variation
Diploid (2n)
Haploid (n)
Homologous Chromosomes
Locus
Meiosis I
Prophase I
Meiosis II
Prophase II
Metaphase II
Anaphase II
Telophase II
Crossing Over
Metaphase I
Independent assortment
Anaphase I
Telophase I
Chromosome Errors and Abnormalities
Nondisjunction
Karyotype
Down Syndrome
Sex Chromosome Error
Polyploid and Structural Changes
Cancer and Chromosomes
Chapter 5
Membrane Proteins
Transport Proteins
Channel Proteins
Carrier Proteins
Enzymatic Proteins
Receptor Proteins
Signal Transduction
Attachment Proteins
Cytoskeleton & ECM anchoring
Junction Proteins
Tide Junctions
Gap Junctions
Desmosomes
Recognition Proteins
Call Identity
Tonicity
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Animal Cells
Normal
Lysed
Shriveled
Plant Cells
Turgid
Flaccid
Plasmolyzed
Osmoregulation
Contractile Vacuole
Diffusion
Passive Transport
High -> Low
No ATP
Small Non polar Molecules
Equilibrium
Facilitated Diffusion
Passive
Transport Proteins
Channels
Carriers
Ions / Polar Molecules
Enzymes
Catalysts
Lower Activation Energy
Specificity
Function
Active site
Induced Fit
Step of Action
Affected By
Temp
pH
Cofactors
Coenzymes
Enzyme Inhibition
Inhibitors in Health
Helpful inhibitors
Harmful Inhibitors
Competitive
Noncompetitive
Feedback inhibition
Energy Basics
Laws of Thermodynamics
1st Law (Energy Conserved)
2nd Law ( Entropy)
Kinetic
Potential
Chemical
Chemical Reactions
Exergonic
Endergonic
Metabolism
Catabolic
Anabolic
Energy Coupling
Osmosis
Water Diffusion
High -> Low Water
Toward Higher Solute
Active Transport
Requires ATP
Low -> High
Sodium - Potassium Pump
3Na+ Out
2K+ In
Membrane Potential
ATP Work
Chemical
Transport
Mechanical
Membrane Structure & Function
Fluid Mosaic Model
Phospholipid Bilayer
Hydrophilic Heads
Hydrophobic Tails
Cholesterol
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Membrane Properties
Fluidity
Selective Permeability
Bulk Transport
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor- Mediated
Exocytosis
Evolution Connection
Membrane Self- Assembly
Phospholipids Form Bilayer
Early Cells / Protocells
Aquaporins
Water Channels