Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Chapter 7 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Cholesterol is a membrane component in animal cells that has variable effects on membrane fluidity at different temperatures
      - At warm temperatures (such as 37°C), cholesterol restrains movement of phospholipids
      - At cool temperatures, it maintains fluidity by preventing tight packing
      - Plants use different but related steroid lipids to buffer membrane fluidity
- - - - Channel proteins have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel
        
        example aquaporins
    - - Carrier proteins, bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane
  - - - Diffusion is the movement of particles of any substance so that they spread out evenly into the available space
      - Although each molecule moves randomly, diffusion of a population of molecules may be directional
      - Dynamic Equilibrium
        
        At dynamic equilibrium, as many molecules cross the membrane in one direction as in the other
    - - does not require ATP
      - -movement of molecules from high to low
      - -referred too as the “down concentration gradient”
    - - -Diffusion-requires consternation gradient
      - Facilitated diffusion
        
        In facilitated diffusion, transport proteins speed the passive movement of molecules across the plasma membrane
      - osmosis ->water only->req semi permeable membrane
  - - - Require ATP
      - movement of molecules from low concentration to high
      - against the concentration gradient
  - - - gated channels, open
        or close in response to a stimulus
- - - - Hydrophobic regions of an integral protein consist of nopolar amino acids, often coiled into a helices
    - - Transmembrane proteins are integral proteins that span the membrane