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Chapter 7 Membrane Functions - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 7 Membrane Functions
Cellular Membranes
Lipids
Phospholipids → Amphipathic
Hydrophilic head, Hydrophobic Tails
Forms bilayer Structure
Cholesterol
Warm: Retrains movement
Cool: Prevents tight packed → Maintains fluidity
Proteins
Determines most functions
Integral Proteins → penetrate hydrophobic core
Transmembrane Proteins → Span a whole membrane
Hydrophobic Regions → Nonpolar amino Acids
Peripheral Proteins → Bounds to a surface
Carbohydrates
Glycolipids → Carb + Lipids
Glycoproteins → Carb + Proteins
Membrane Function Selective permeability
Lipid bilayer permeability
Hydrophobic Molecules → Pass Quickly (hydrocarbons)
Hydrophilic Molecules → Slower or blockage (Sugars, ions, water)
Transport Proteins
Channel Proteins → Hydrophilic tunnels
Aquaporins → Fast water passage
Ions Channels → Move ions
Gated Channels → Open close by stimulus
Carrier Proteins
Blind + Shape - shift to move molecules
Transportation
Driving Force
Move down concentration gradient
Gradient → Potential energy
Types of Transportations
Diffusion: Even Distribution → Dynamic equilibrium Consent Gradient required
Facilitated diffusion: Diffusion with help (with protein)
Osmosis: water diffusion (From Low Solute → High Solute)
Passive Cell transport
No ATP requires
high consent to low concent
Down the consent gradient
Active Cell Transport
Requires ATP
Low consent to high consent
Against the consent gradient
Tonicity
Isotonic: Equal Solute → Stable Cell
Hypertonic: More Solute Outside → Less in Cells (Shrivels)
Hypotonic: Less solute outside → More in Cells (Increase)
Bulk Movement
Active Transportation
Uses ATP to move solutes against the gradient
Involves carrier proteins
Na⁺/K⁺ Pump (amimals): High K⁺, low Na⁺ Inside
Electrochemical Force
Chemical Force: Ion concentration
Electrical Force: Membrane Voltage
Electrogenic Pump: General Voltage
Cotransport
Transports of one solute drives another
Bulk Transport
Large molecules via vesicles
Excoytosis: Vesicles fuses → releases material
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis (Cell Eating)
Pinocytosis (Cell Drinking)
Receptor-Meditated