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Membrane Structure and Function - Coggle Diagram
Membrane Structure and Function
Membrane Structure and the Fluid Mosaic Model
Phospholipids
bilayer of amphipathic phospholipids, phosphate (polar/hydrophilic) head facing outward, fatty acid (nonpolar/hydrophobic) tail facing inward
Cholesterol
maintains fluidity, reduces and increases depending on temperature
Membrane proteins
Peripheral proteins
protein loosely bound to the surface of a membrane or to part of an integral protein and not embedded in the lipid bilayer
Integral proteins
transmembrane protein with hydrophobic regions that extend into and often completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane and with hydrophilic regions in contact with the aqueous solution on one or both sides of the membrane
transmembrane protein
A type of integral protein that spans the entire membrane
Channel proteins
have a hydrophilic certain molecules or ions
carrier proteins
bind to molecules and change shape
Carbohydrates
Cell-cell recognition, a cell’s ability to distinguish one type of neighboring cell from another, is crucial to the functioning of an organism
ex
glycolipids, glycoproteins
Cell Transport
Passive
-no ATP required -high concentration to low concentration -down the concentration gradient
-diffusion concentration gradient required -facilitated diffusion with help from proteins -osmosis semi-permeable membrane
Active
-requires ATP -low concentration to high concentration -against the concentration gradient
sodium potassium pump Na+/K
WATER ALWAYS FOLLOWS THE HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTE
Proton Pump
actively transports hydrogen ions out of the cell
Electrochemical gradient
two combined forces chemical and electrical force drive the diffusion of ions across a membrane
Cotransport
occurs when active transport of a solute indirectly drives transport of other substances
Bulk Transport
movement of large molecules via endocytosis (into the cell) and exocytosis (out of the cell) using vesicles
exocytosis
cellular secretion of biological molecules by the fusion of vesicles containing them with the plasma membrane
endocytosis
Cellular uptake of biological molecules and particulate matter via formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane
Semi permeability
membrane regulates the passage of substances, allowing small, hydrophobic molecules to pass through freely while requiring transport proteins for hydrophilic or charged molecules
