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Gender bias - Coggle Diagram
Gender bias
Evaluation
Eleanor Maccoby and Carol Jacklin (1974) presented the findings of several gender studied which concluded girls have superior verbal ability whereas boys have better spacial ability
popularised approahch, because it firts social stereotypes
Daphna Joel (2015) used brain scanning and found no such ex differences in brain structure or processing.
Madura Ingalhalikar (2014) suggests that stereotypes that women are better at multitasking may have biological truth, based on hemispheres of the brain
Magdalena Formanowicz (2018) considers that research challenging gender biases may not be published, analysing more than 1000 articles relating to gender bias being published over 8 years, receiving less funding and being published by less prestigious journals.
Androcentrism (male-centred, judging normal behaviour according to male standards, meaning female behaviour is judged as abnormal or deficient by comparison)
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perceptions about anger being a rational response to external pressures, considering Brescoll and Uhlmann 2008
Alpha bias (research that focuses on differences between men and women, presenting an exaggeratedview)
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Nancy Chodorow (1968) suggested that daughters and mothers have a greater connectedness than sons and mothers, because of biological similarities, developing better abilities to bond and empathise.
Beta bias (research that focuses on similarities between men and women, ignoring or minimising differences)
fight or flight response (using male animals behaviour female behaviour is affected by regular hormone changes due to ovulation)
Shelley Taylor et al (2000) and the tend and befriend response, due to women having more plentiful oxytocin, seeming that women respond to stress by increasing oxytocin production.
Universality (any underlying characteristic of human beings that is capable of being applied to all, despite differences of experience and upbringing, affected by both gender and culture bias in finding universal psychological findings)
Gender bias, in the context of psychological research (psychological research or theories may offer a viewpoint that does not justifiably represent the experience of men and women)