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Processors, NXP, TI (MSP430 Series, C2000 Series, MSPM0 Series, Tiva ARM…
Processors
Classification by Specialization
General-Purpose Processors (CPUs)
Graphics Processing Units (GPUs)
Accelerators / Specialized Processors
AI Accelerators / NPUs (Neural Processing Units)
FPGAs (Field-Programmable Gate Arrays):
ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits):
AI/ML accelerators
Microcontrollers (MCUs)
Architectures
ARM Cortex-M
AVR (from Microchip, used in Arduino)
PIC (Microchip)
ESP32 (Tensilica Xtensa & RISC-V cores)
8051
Embedded processors
Digital Signal Processors (DSPs)
Classification by ISA
Instruction Set Architecture
RISC
ARM
Processor Families
Cortex-M
ARMv7 onwards
ARMv7-M
ARMv8-M
ARMv9-M
Microcontrollers, IoT devices, wearables, sensor nodes
SOC
Texas Instruments (TM4C and MSP432 series)
Microchip (SAM D and E series)
Infineon PSoC Edge and PSoC 64: Cortex‑M33/M55 with TrustZone for secure IoT applications
Nordic Semiconductor nRF52/nRF53: Wireless SoCs with Cortex‑M4/M33 for BLE and Zigbee connectivity
Espressif (ESP32-S2/S3/Cx series)
NXP LPC and i.MX RT Crossover MCUs: Combine M‑class cores with advanced peripherals and AI accelerators
STMicroelectronics (STM32 series)
M0/M3/M4/M7/M33/M55/M85 variants serving general, ultra‑low‑power, and AI‑capable MCUs
Renesas RA and RX Series: Industrial and automotive MCUs based on Cortex‑M23, M33
Alif Ensemble & Balletto MCUs: Dual Cortex‑M55 combined with Ethos‑U55 NPUs for AI edge computing
Silicon Labs EFR32 Gecko: Cortex‑M33 microcontrollers with TrustZone for Matter/Thread devices
Computing Boards
STMicroelectronics: STM32 Nucleo boards, STM32 Discovery kits.
Arduino: Arduino Nano 33 BLE (nRF52840, Cortex-M4F), Arduino Portenta H7 (Cortex-M7 + M4).
Adafruit / SparkFun: Various Feather, Metro, and breakout boards featuring STM32 and Nordic chips.
Raspberry Pi: Raspberry Pi Pico (RP2040, dual-core Cortex-M0+).
Modules: ESP32 modules from Espressif, nRF52 modules from Nordic.
STM32 Discovery and Nucleo Series: Cover all M0–M85 cores (M0+, M4, M7, M33, M55) for general or ML‑enhanced control
NXP LPC and i.MX RT Crossover Boards: M4/M7 controllers with high‑performance features and external RAM/Flash
Nordic nRF52/nRF53 DK: M4/M33 cores with BLE / Thread / Zigbee support
Silicon Labs EFR32 and PSoC Edge Kits: M33/M55 with TrustZone for secure IoT
Arm MPS2+ FPGA Board: Configurable platform supporting M0–M7 and M55 / M85 prototypes
Arduino Nano 33 BLE and Portenta H7: Feature M4/M7 cores with IoT‑ready peripherals
Adafruit Feather STM32F405 / Seeed Studio Wio Terminal: Accessible maker‑oriented Cortex‑M4/M7 boards
Operating Systems
FreeRTOS: The most popular open‑source RTOS for M0–M85 devices
CMSIS‑RTOS RTX v5 (Keil RTX): ARM’s official RTOS in the CMSIS framework
Zephyr RTOS: Scalable open‑source RTOS for IoT devices supporting M‑profile cores
Mbed OS: ARM’s IoT platform with networking and sensor libraries
ChibiOS/RT, embOS, eCos, µC/OS‑II / III: Lightweight kernels for medical, industrial, and educational use
TinyOS & Apache Mynewt: For ultra‑low‑power wireless sensor nodes
uClinux (limited): A no‑MMU Linux variant supported on high‑end Cortex‑M3/M4 boards
Processor Core
Entry-level (ARMv6-M / ARMv8-M Baseline)
Cortex-M0, M0+, M1
Mainline performance (ARMv7-M / ARMv8-M Mainline)
Cortex-M3, M4, M7
Enhanced secure and high-efficiency (ARMv8-M / ARMv9-M)
Cortex-M23, M33, M35P, M55, M85
Application Domains
IoT Devices: MQTT, CoAP, and Thread/Matter stacks for smart‑home or sensor networks
Control Systems: Motor, PWM, and PID control firmware using STM32Cube firmware HAL or NXP MCUXpresso SDK
Embedded AI & ML: TinyML frameworks like TensorFlow Lite Micro and CMSIS‑NN for M7/M55/M85 cores
Secure Applications: TrustZone‑enabled secure boot and OTA frameworks on M33/M85 (Arm FuSa RTS, PSA Certified)
Peripherals & Sensor Integration: FreeRTOS or Mbed OS projects handling UART, SPI, and I²C with low power design
Development Software
Keil MDK & µVision IDE: Industry‑standard embedded suite supporting CMSIS, RTX RTOS, and debug ULINK probes
STM32CubeIDE & CubeMX: ST’s configuration, code generation, and debug tools for Cortex‑A/M families
Arm Development Studio: Frontier IDE integrating Fast Models for early simulation of M‑profile devices
Cosmic ZAP Debugger: A full‑featured debugger for C/M assembly and FLASH programming
Modules
Cortex-R
ARMv7 onwards
ARMv7-R Profile
ARMv8-R Profile
ARMv9-R Profile
Automotive, robotics, storage control, aerospace
Processor Cores
Cortex-R4, R4F
Cortex-R5, R5F, R5 MP
Cortex-R7, R7F
Cortex-R8
Cortex-R52, R52F, R52+
Cortex-R82 (supporting 64-bit execution)
SOC Platforms
NXP S32R and i.MX RT Series: Used in automotive radar and real‑time controllers
Renesas RH850 and RZ/Five Series: Designed for motor control, ADAS, and industrial automation
Microchip SAM RH707: Radiation‑tolerant Cortex‑R5F SoC for aerospace and defense applications
Texas Instruments Hercules RM Series: Cortex‑R4F/R5F dual‑core lockstep SoCs for functional safety
AMD Versal SoCs: Integrate Cortex‑R5F cores alongside Cortex‑A53 clusters for safety‑critical domains
Hardware Boards
Texas Instruments Hercules RM46/57 LaunchPad: Dual Cortex‑R4F‑based boards for functional‑safety development
Microchip SAM RH707 Evaluation Kit: Radiation‑tolerant Cortex‑R5F for space and aerospace prototyping
Renesas RZ/RH850 Development Platforms: Used for automotive ECUs and powertrain systems
Infineon AURIX TC3xx Kits: Based on R5F cluster architecture, ASIL‑D‑compliant
ARM Versal Evaluation Boards (AMD/Xilinx): Include dual Cortex‑R5F subsystems for safety and deterministic workloads
OS
VxWorks: Widely used RTOS for aerospace, industrial, and automotive
Nucleus RTOS: Commercial safety‑certified OS optimized for Cortex‑R4/R5/R52
ThreadX / Azure RTOS: Deterministic RTOS from Microsoft for deeply embedded systems
FreeRTOS & SafeRTOS: Lightweight kernel with IEC 61508/SIL certification versions for safety‑critical use
QNX Neutrino: Microkernel RTOS employed in automotive controllers and instrument clusters
µC/OS‑III: Open‑source RTOS supporting Cortex‑R5F with pre‑emptive multitasking
Application Domains
Automotive ECUs: Electronic stability control, braking, and powertrain modules built using AUTOSAR‑Classic RTE
Industrial Safety: Robotics control, motor drives, and aerospace flight computers using SIL / ASIL‑certified RTOS (VxWorks, QNX) apps
Telemetry/Data Acquisition: Deterministic sensor tasks implemented in FreeRTOS or µC/OS‑III
Storage Devices: Firmware for SSD controllers or automotive SoCs with lock‑step computation
Development and Modeling Software
MATLAB & Simulink Embedded Coder: Model‑based design for Cortex‑R (Hercules RM57 LaunchPads) generating optimized C code
TI MCU+ SDK: Unified SDK with peripheral drivers, RTOS integration, and industrial communication stacks
Arm Development Studio: Supports heterogeneous debugging between Cortex‑A & R clusters on SoCs
Modules
Cortex-A
ARMv7 onwards
Phones, tablets, laptops, smart TVs, networking devices,, AI systems
Processor Cores
ARMv7-A architecture
A5, A7, A8, A9, A12 (renamed A17), A15, A17
ARMv8-A architecture
Cortex-A32, A35, A53, A55, A57, A65, A65AE, A72, A73, A75, A76, A77, A78
ARMv9-A architecture
A510, A710, A715, A720, A725
High-performance derivatives (Cortex-X series)
Cortex-X1, X2, X3
Latest ARMv9.2-A generation
Cortex-A320, A520, A720, A725
SOC platforms
NXP i.MX Series
i.MX6 (A7/A9), i.MX7 (A7/M4 hybrid), i.MX8/8M (A35/A53/A72)
STMicroelectronics STM32MP1:
Dual Cortex‑A7 + Cortex‑M4 hybrid SoC for Linux and RTOS co‑processing
Texas Instruments Sitara Series
AM335x (A8), AM437x (A9), AM57x (A15), AM62L (A53)
Broadcom BCM283x Series
BCM2835 (A7), BCM2836 (A7), BCM2711 (A72) – used in Raspberry Pi boards
Rockchip Families
RK3128, RK3288, RK3399 (A53/A72) for multimedia and industrial devices
Allwinner Series
A10/A20 (A8/A7/A53) for tablets and SBCs
Samsung Exynos & Qualcomm Snapdragon: Multi‑core A53/A78/X1 configurations for smartphones
MediaTek MT3620: Dual Cortex‑A7 with Cortex‑M4 cores designed for Azure Sphere IoT
AMD Versal Adaptive SoC: Quad Cortex‑A53 + Dual Cortex‑R5F combined with FPGA fabric
Hardware Boards
Raspberry Pi Series: Uses Cortex‑A7/A53/A72 (BCM283x, BCM2711) – ideal for Linux prototyping and multimedia
BeagleBone Series (TI Sitara): AM335x (Cortex‑A8), AM57x (A15) – robust for industrial and educational uses
NXP i.MX Boards: i.MX6UL, i.MX7D, i.MX8M Evaluation Kits – embedded Linux for HMI and IoT edge
STM32MP1 Discovery Kit: Dual Cortex‑A7 + M4 hybrid – Linux + RTOS co‑processing
Rockchip and Allwinner Boards: Like Radxa Rock 5 (RK3588, A76/A55) or Banana Pi M64 (A53) – multimedia and maker ecosystems
NVIDIA Jetson Nano/Orin: Cortex‑A57/A78AE alongside GPU cores – AI‑focused robotics and edge systems
UrsaLeo and Lantronix SoMs: A53 evaluation kits targeting IoT cloud applications
OS
Linux distributions: Ubuntu ARM, Debian, Fedora, Arch Linux, Raspberry Pi OS
Android: Runs on ARMv7‑A and ARMv8‑A cores, the dominant OS for smartphones
Chrome OS: Used in Chromebooks built on ARM Cortex‑A72/A76 platforms
Windows on ARM / Windows IoT Core: Optimized versions for A53–A78 based devices
BSD variants (FreeBSD/NetBSD): Support modern ARM servers and routers
HarmonyOS & iOS: Run on Huawei Kirin and Apple A/M‑series ARM SoCs respectively
QNX Neutrino, VxWorks, INTEGRITY: Real‑time or safety‑critical OS for industrial and automotive Cortex‑A systems
Application Domains
Consumer & Mobile Apps: Android applications (Google Play, AOSP‑based), Chrome OS utilities, multimedia players, and open‑source desktop software (e.g., GIMP, VLC, LibreOffice)
Embedded Linux Systems: Applications built using Yocto Project, Buildroot, or Ubuntu Core—used in kiosks, HMI panels, or multimedia nodes
Edge AI and Vision: TensorFlow Lite, ONNX Runtime, and PyTorch Mobile optimized for Neon/SVE support on A‑profile cores
Networking and IoT: Node‑RED, Mosquitto MQTT, Home Assistant, and OpenSSL libraries for secure IoT hubs
Industrial & Automotive: QNX, INTEGRITY or VxWorks‑based control/HMI applications such as AUTOSAR adaptive stacks
Development Tools
Arm Development Studio (DS): Unified C/C++ IDE for Cortex‑A, R, and M with performance profiling via Streamline
Cross‑compilers: GNU ARM GCC, Clang/LLVM for Linux/Android builds
Debugging/Profiling: DS‑5 Debugger, GDB, Perf, and Valgrind with JTAG/SWD targets
Modules
ARM Classic
Processor Core
ARM 7
ARM 920T
ARM 940T
ARM 946
ARM 966
ARM 926 EJ-S
ARM 11
ARM 1136 J(F)-S
ARM 1176 JZ(F)-S
SOC
Computing Boards
OS
Application Domain
Development Software
ARM Architecture
(ARM ISA)
ARMv1
(ARM Classic)
(Late 1980s - early 90s)
ARMv2
(ARM Classic)
(Late 1980s - early 90s)
ARMv3
(ARM Classic)
(Late 1980s - early 90s)
ARMv4
(ARM Classic)
(Late 90s - early 2000s)
ARMv4T
ARM7TDMI-S
SC100
ARMv5
(ARM Classic)
(Late 90s - early 2000s)
ARMv5TE
ARM926EJ-S
ARMv5TJ
ARM946
ARM968
ARM926
ARMv6
(ARM Classic)
Mid 2000s
ARMv6T2
ARKv6Z
ARKv6K
ARKv6-M
ARMv7
(Cortex)
32 bit
ARMv8
(Cortex)
(64bit)
2011...
ARMv9
(Cortex)
64bit
AI, ML, Security
2021...
UC Berkeley RISC
Open Source
RISC I & II: Created at UC Berkeley in the early 80s
RISC III & IV: Internal academic research versions
RISC-V
The version designed to be a permanent, industry-standard open architecture.
DIR-V
Digital India RISC-V
Indian
core SHAKTI
IIT Madras
E-Class (IoT)
SoC: MOUSHIK
Board: Parashu
C-Class (Controller)
SoC: Risecreek
Arty A7 (FPGA)
Core AJIT
IIT Mumbai
SoC: AJIT
IIT-B Dev Kit
Core: VIKRAM
ISRO
SoC: VIKRAM
SCL Evaluation Board
Core - Vega
CDAC
ET1031
(32-bit single core)
SoC: THEJAS32
Board: ARIES v3.0
Arduino compatible (pin and IDE)
Board: ARIES v2.0
Board: ARIES IoT v2.0
Board: ARIES ALPHA v1.0
CAN bus
Board: ARIES MICRO v1.0
Board: ARIES NOVA v1.0
Board: ARIES DOT v1.0
Board: ARIES ECO v1.0
SOC: THEJAS64
AS2161
(64-bit dual core)
SOC: DHRUV-64
AS4161
(64-bit quad core)
SOC:
DHANUSH
DHANUSH+
Board: Under Dev
ET1037
32-bit single core
AT1051
32-bit single core
AS1061
64-bit single core
AS1161
64-bit single core
DHANUSH
CDAC
High-End Embedded
MIPS
Stanford University
Power PC
IBM
CISC
x86 / x86-64
AMD
Other / Hybrid / Specialized ISAs
SPARC (S P Arc - Scalable Processor Architecture)
s390x (IBM Z)
Types
Load and Store Architecture (e.g., ARM, MIPS, RISC-V)
Register-Memory Architecture (e.g., x86 / Intel / AMD)
Memory-Memory Architecture (e.g., DEC VAX)
Accumulator Architecture (e.g., 8085, Early IBMs, Motorola 6800)
Stack Architecture (e.g., JVM, Burroughs Large Systems)
Classification by Data Path and Execution Model
Accumulator-Based Architecture
Register-Based Architecture
Stack-Based Architecture
Pipelined Architecture
Classification by Memory Architecture
Von Neumann (Princeton) Architecture
Harvard Architecture
Modified Harvard Architecture
Classification by Core Count
Single-core
Multi-core (dual-core, quad-core, octa-core, etc.)
Many-core (used in GPUs and specialized processors)
Classification by Bus Organization
One-Bus Organization
Two-Bus Organization
Three-Bus Organization
Classification by Endianness
Little-Endian
Big-Endian
CPU Components and Data Path
Core Components
ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs arithmetic and logic operations
Control Unit (CU): Decodes instructions and generates control signals
Registers: High-speed storage for temporary data
Buses: Data, address, and control buses for communication
Memory Hierarchy
Registers (fastest, smallest)
Cache (L1, L2, L3)
Main Memory (RAM)
Secondary Storage (SSD, HDD)
Virtual Memory
NXP
LPC
Arm Cortex-M-based MCUs (e.g., LPC5500, LPC54000, LPC1100) for general-purpose and embedded applications, with a focus on low power and connectivity
i.MX RT
Crossover MCUs that combine real-time performance with Arm Cortex-M cores, suitable for automotive and industrial applications
S32
Automotive-focused MCUs, including S32K (general-purpose), S32G (vehicle networking), S32M (motor control), S32R (radar), and S32Z/S32E (real-time control)
Kinetis
Legacy Arm Cortex-M MCUs for a range of embedded applications.
QorIQ
For high-performance networking and communications applications
6800
Legacy 8-bit MCUs
MPC5xxx
Automotive and industrial 32-bit MCUs
LH Series
ARM7-based MCUs
MCX
Scalable Arm Cortex-M-based MCUs for industrial and IoT edge devices, featuring advanced security and machine learning capabilities
TI
MSP430 Series
16-bit ultra-low-power MCUs, ideal for battery-powered and sensor applications
C2000 Series
32-bit real-time MCUs designed for digital power management and motor control.
MSPM0 Series
Ultra-low-power 32-bit ARM Cortex-M0+ MCUs, offering cost efficiency and high-performance analog peripherals
Tiva ARM Series
32-bit ARM Cortex-M MCUs (such as TM4C123x and TM4C129x), targeting general-purpose and connectivity applications
Hercules Safety ARM MCUs
Based on ARM Cortex-R4 and Cortex-M3 cores, designed for safety-critical applications like automotive and industrial control
Sitara AM263x Series
High-performance MCUs with multiple ARM Cortex-R5F cores, targeting advanced industrial and automotive real-time applications
TMS470 ARM7 Series
32-bit ARM7-based general-purpose MCUs, suitable for industrial, medical, and consumer applications
Renesas
RA Family
32-bit MCUs based on Arm Cortex-M cores (M23, M33, M33+ and M85), offering high performance and scalability for embedded applications
RX Family
32-bit MCUs featuring high performance and efficiency for various small to large-scale applications, with cores including RXv1, RXv2, and RXv3 architectures
RH850 Family
32-bit automotive MCUs designed for high performance and low power consumption focusing on automotive applications.
RZ Family
32-bit and 64-bit microprocessors (MPUs) with multi-architecture support such as Arm cores combined with Ethos AI accelerators for advanced edge AI and industrial automation
RL78 Family
Low-power 8 and 16-bit MCUs with industry-leading low power consumption for battery-operated and household applications
Infineon
AURIX
(The Automotive Powerhouse)
TriCore / RISC-V
TC3x: Higher performance, focusing on ASIL-D safety and cybersecurity.
TC4x: The latest generation (2025/2026) designed for next-gen "Software-Defined Vehicles" and Zonal architectures.
AURIX RISC-V: Recently announced expansion integrating RISC-V cores alongside TriCore for more open software flexibility.
TC2x: Established 32-bit line with up to three cores.
PSoC
(IoT)
ARM Cortex-M
PSoC 4: Low-power ARM Cortex-M0/M0+ for simple touch sensing and control.
PSoC 6: High-performance, ultra-low-power dual-core (Cortex-M4 + M0+) specifically for IoT
PSoC Edge: The newest 2026 family featuring Cortex-M55 and ML (Machine Learning) hardware acceleration for AI at the edge
Specialized Controllers
AIROC™: Microcontrollers with integrated Wi-Fi and Bluetooth for connected products
EZ-PD™: Specialized controllers specifically for managing USB-C Power Delivery
Embedded Power ICs: Highly integrated chips that combine a microcontroller with motor drivers (MOSFETs) into a single package for small motors
XMC
(Industrial Control)
ARM Cortex-M
XMC1000: Entry-level (Cortex-M0) for replacing 8-bit controllers
XMC4000/5000/7000: High-end (Cortex-M4/M7) with advanced timers and communication for complex robotics
TRAVEO™ T2G
(Automotive Body & Dashboard)
ARM Cortex-M
Microchip
PIC
8 bit
PIC10,PIC12,PIC16,PIC18
16bit
PIC24
32bit
PIC32
Former Atmel
SAM
(Simple Affordable Microcontroller)
32 bit
D
Cortex-M0+ (D10/D11/D20/D21) and M4F (D5x) for low-power/cost-sensitive; up to 1MB Flash, SERCOM peripherals, event system
C
Cortex-M0+ for 5V industrial/home appliances; up to 12 DMA channels, wide voltage (2.7-5.5V)
E
Cortex-M4F (E5x, 120MHz) and M7 (E70) for IoT gateways/industrial; Ethernet, CAN-FD, up to 1MB Flash/256KB SRAM with ECC
L
Ultra-low-power (L10/L11/L21); SAML11 adds TrustZone/security for secure IoT
4
Cortex-M4/M4F (4S/4E/4C/4N/4L); dual-core options, FPU, pin-compatible with SAM3.
G
Ultra-low-power M4F (G55, 120MHz); small packages for high SRAM/Flash ratio
R
series (e.g., SAM R30 for Sub-GHz 802.15.4) falls under wireless but shares SAM architecture
Sub‑GHz and 2.4 GHz 802.15.4/Zigbee/Thread
AVR(8bit), AVR32
ATmega and ATtiny series
dsPIC33
STMicro
STM32
STM32F (Mainstream and high performance; Cortex-M0/M3/M4/M7 cores)
STM32L (Ultra-low power; Cortex-M0+/M3/M4/M33 cores)
STM32G (General-purpose; Cortex-M0+/M4 cores)
STM32H
(Ultra-high performance; Cortex-M7/M33 cores)
STM32H7 - 168 GPIOs (11 ports x 16 GPIO per port = 176. Only 168 are exposed)
STM32C (Entry-level; Cortex-M0+ core)
STM32U (Ultra-low power/security; Cortex-M33/M0+ cores)
STM32WB/WBA/WL (Wireless: Bluetooth LE, IEEE 802.15.4, LoRa; Cortex-M0+/M4/M33 cores)
STM32N (ML/AI enhanced; Cortex-M55/NPU cores)
STM8
STM8S (Mainstream 8-bit MCUs)
STM8L (Ultra-low power 8-bit MCUs)
STM8A (Automotive 8-bit MCUs)
Automotive/Industrial Families
SPC5 Family (Automotive-grade microcontrollers; PowerPC architecture)
Stellar Family (Automotive multicore MCUs)
STM32MP1/MP2 (Microprocessors blending Cortex-A and Cortex-M cores for Linux/RTOS)
Silicon Labs
8 bit
EFM8 Series
EFM8SB (Sleepy Bee)
EFM8UB (Universal Bee)
EFM8BB (Busy Bee)
EFM8BB3 (Busy Bee 3)
EFM8SB1 (Sleepy Bee 1)
EFM8UB2 (Universal Bee 2).
C8051F Series
Legacy 8051-based MCUs, such as C8051F39x, C8051F35x, and C8051F12x, for specialized embedded applications
32 bit
EFM32 Series
Giant Gecko (M3/M4)
Tiny Gecko (M0+)
Wonder Gecko (M4)
Leopard Gecko (M3)
Pearl Gecko (M4)
Jade Gecko (M3)
Gecko (M3)
Happy Gecko (M0+)
Zero Gecko (M0+)
EFM32PG Series (M33, latest Series 2 MCUs).
Wireless Microcontrollers
Si100x/Si102x/Si103x: Single-chip wireless MCUs that combine an 8051 core with a sub-GHz radio for wireless IoT applications
Espressif
ESP32
ESP32
(original series)
Tensilica Xtensa LX6 cores
Tensilica Xtensa LX6 cores
ESP32-S
Sovereign
Tensilica Xtensa LX6 cores
High Performance & AI
ESP32-S2
ESP32-S3
ESP32-C
Compact
RISC-V single-core
Cost-Effective & IoT
ESP32-C2: Ultra-low-cost, small package for simple smart plugs and lights
ESP32-C3: The "standard" replacement for the ESP8266. Simple, secure, Wi-Fi + BLE 5.0
ESP32-C5: First Dual-Band (2.4 & 5 GHz) Wi-Fi 6 chip in the C-series
ESP32-C6 / C61: High-end connectivity. Supports Wi-Fi 6, Zigbee, Thread (Matter), and BLE 5.3.
ESP32-H
Home/Hybrid
RISC-V core
Non-Wi-Fi
ESP32-H2: Dedicated to Matter-over-Thread and Zigbee. Very low power, ideal for battery-operated sensors
ESP32-H4: High-performance H-series with dual cores and LE Audio support
ESP32-H21: (New for 2026) Ultra-low-power Bluetooth 6.0 + 802.15.4 for tiny wearable nodes
ESP32-P
Power/Pro
No Radio
RISC-V core
High-Power Computing
ESP32-P4: A major departure—it has no wireless radio. Instead, it has dual 400 MHz RISC-V cores, H.264 video encoding, and many pins for high-end displays and cameras.
ESP32-E
Extreme
High-Speed Wireless
Wi-Fi 6E / Tri-band
ESP32-E22: (The 2026 Breakthrough) Their first Wi-Fi 6E tri-band chip (2.4/5/6 GHz). It functions as a high-speed connectivity co-processor.
ESP8266
Tensilica Xtensa core
Core: Arm® Cortex®-M4F
SOC: Nordic nRF52480
Module: UBlox NINA B306
Board: Nano 33 BLE Sense Rev2
Nordic
nRF
nRF51
nRF51 Series: Early-generation 32-bit ARM Cortex-M0 based SoCs for Bluetooth Low Energy and proprietary 2.4 GHz protocols; now superseded by later series.
nRF52
nRF52 Series: 32-bit ARM Cortex-M4 based SoCs supporting Bluetooth 5.x, ANT, Thread, Zigbee, and more, with variants like nRF52810, nRF52833, and nRF52840.
nRF53
nRF53 Series: Dual-core ARM Cortex-M33 SoCs (e.g., nRF5340) for advanced multiprotocol support including Bluetooth 5.4, NFC, Thread, and Zigbee, with enhanced security and processing.
nRF91
nRF91 Series: 32-bit cellular IoT SiPs supporting LTE-M and NB-IoT alongside short-range protocols.
nRF54
nRF54 Series: Latest ultra-low-power SoCs (e.g., nRF54L15 in nRF54L family, plus nRF54H), featuring multiprotocol 2.4 GHz, larger memory (up to 2 MB NVM), and Wi-Fi 6 companion compatibility.
nRF70
nRF70 Series: Dual-band Wi-Fi 6 companion chips (e.g., nRF7002) for pairing with nRF52/nRF53/nRF91 hosts.
Raspberry Pi
RP2350
2 x ARM Cortex-M33
2 x RISC-V
Analog Devices (ADI)
GigaDevice (China)
GD32
(RISC-V)
(Cortex-M)
GD32V
(RISC-V)
GD32xxx
(Cortex-M)
onsemi
Toshiba
Nuvoton
Rohm Semiconductor
Zilog
MediaTek