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EXAM 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Helicase-unwinds DNA
      - Primase-adds RNA primer
      - DNA Polymerase- builds new strand
      - Ligase-joins Okazaki fragments
  - - - RNA polymerase binds to promoter
      - Synthesize mRNA 5'-3'
      - stops at terminator sequence
    - - Ribosome decodes mRNA-builds polypeptide
      - mRNA read in codons(3 bases)
      - start codon: AUG
      - Stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA
      - tRNA delivers amino acids
      - Genetic code=redundant
- - - - primary- amino acid chain
      - secondary- helix or sheet
      - tertiary-3D shape
      - Quaternary- multiple chains
- - - - Helicase-unwinds DNA
      - Primase-adds RNA primer
      - DNA Polymerase- builds new strands
      - Ligase- joins OKazaki fragments
- - - - NADH=3ATP
      - FADH2= 2 ATP
- - - - Silent: no change
      - Harmful: loss of function
      - Beneficial: survival advantage
  - - - Transformation: DNA uptake from environment(competent cells)
      - Conjugation: plasmid transfer( F+-F- via fertility factor)
      - Transduction: DNA transfer via bacteriophage
        
        Generalized: any gene transferred
        
        Specialized: only gene near viral insertion site
  - - - R factors: antibiotic resistance
      - can carry toxin genes( pathogenicity)