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Genetic Information Part 1 - Coggle Diagram
Genetic Information Part 1
Genetics- the science of heredity
Genome- The genetic Information of a cell
Key concepts: Genes, DNA, Chromosomes, Molecular Genetics
Genes- are the fundamental unit of heredity
composed of DNA sequences that carry information for building proteins
Determine specfic traits
DNA
Chromosomes- structures within cells that contain DNA
Bacteria only has 1 and is attached to inner cell membrane
Humans have 23 pairs
The molecule that carries genetic information, composed of sequences of nucleotides and is organized into chromosomes
HISTORY
1869 Meisscher isolated phosphate rich acidic compounds from the nuclei of leucocytes in pus from hospital bandaids
Eventually this become known as DNA
Rosalind Franklin's findings helped Watson and crick determine the structure of DNA in 1953
Structure
Double helix plymer made of repeating nucleotides bound covalently linked by phosphodiester bonds
The strands run in opposite directions and are antiparallel
Opposite alignment of 5' to 3'
5' carbon has a phosphate group
3' carbon has a hydroxyl group
The 2 polymer strands are held together by specific complimentary hydrogen bonds between opposing nitrogenous bases
This forms a regular double helix with major dn minor grooves for DNA binding to proteins during Transcription
Nucleotides- each is made of
Sugar (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA)
A nitrogenous base (either Adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine, Uracil in RNA)
A phosphate group