Osteoporosis- Groups of diseases where bone resorption exceeds deposit. Matrix remains normal but mass declines. Affects spongy bone (spine, femur and neck) and common fractures in vertebrae and hip.
Risk factors: Postmenopausal women 30%, 60-79 and 70% of women by the age of 80 due to estrogen lowering, genetics, lack of exercise, low calcium, vitamin D, smoking etc.
Treatment: Traditional --> calcium, vitamin D, exercise, hormone therapy (slows bone loss but doesn't revert it; increase risk of heart attack, strokes and breast cancer)
Other drugs: Bisphosphonates= reduces osteoclasts particularly reverse spine bone loss. Denosumab= monodonal and body improves bone density and lowers fracture risks,
Preventing: Get enough calcium early in life, limit alcohol and carbonated drinks, do weight bearing exercise to maintain bone mass.