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FPS1A Key Science Skills - Coggle Diagram

- - - - STRENGTH: participants can elaborate on their responses and explain their thoughts/feelings
      - WEAKNESS: More difficult to summarise and analyse as data is in non-numerical form
  - - - STRENGTH: Easier to report on and communicate results - analyse can be more precise
      - WEAKNESS: Participants usually cannot elaborate or provide information on their responses
  - - - STRENGTH: Less prone to bias as does not tend to be based on opinions
      - WEAKNESS: It may not capture the full picture because it does not consider subjective experiences.
  - - - STRENGTH: provides information about mental processes and behaviours that are difficult to observe or measure.
      - WEAKNESS:More likely to be biased and difficult to verify; Relies on participant’s honesty.
  - - - STRENGTH: Can ensure the data is collected in an appropriate way to heighten the validity and reliability of the results.
      - WEAKNESS: Time-consuming to conduct study and collect data.
  - - - STRENGTH: Readily available and accessible; Can be peer-reviewed.
      - WEAKNESS: Uncertainty about the validity and reliability of the data.
- - - - Between-Subject design : Each participant in the sample is randomly allocated to the experimental or control condition
        
        ADVANTAGES: gives everyone equal chance of being assigned to the control or experimental group, no order effects, Time effective
        
        DISADVANTAGES: more participants needed so = more expensive, minimal control over individual participant differences (EV)
      - Within-subject design
        
        DEF: every participant in the sample is involved in both the experimental and control condition
        
        ADVANTAGES
        
        need less participants
        
        eliminate individual difference as they do both conditions
        
        DISADVANTAGES
        
        first time can affect second (order effect) => this can reduce valiadity
        
        more time-consuming
      - Mixed Design
        
        both design are implemented.
        
        ADVANTAGES
        
        Individual differences are controlled for in the within elements,
        
        Can test the effect on more that one IV on the same DV
        
        Can be time effective
        
        DISADVANTAGES
        
        order affects can occur in the within-subject element
        
        minimal control over individual differences in teh btw subject element
        
        there is a higher rate of withdrawal due to participants completing more than one condition in within subject element
  - - - Stregnths : large amounts of data can be collected quickly and anonymously, can provide insight into thoughts and behaviours, observations in natural settings will result in more realistic behaviours
      - Waakness: Qualitative data can be difficult to analyse, responses may be socially desirable or inaccurate, observed behaviours are subjective and prone to bias
- - - - Can be time consuming with a large population.
      - Does not consider individual characteristics in a population