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LSAT FLAW QUESTIONS - Coggle Diagram

- - - - “Takes for granted that…” = assumes without justification.
      - “Fails to consider the possibility that…” = ignores an alternative.
- - - - The flaw = what’s missing, mistaken, or misapplied.
  - - - Correlation ≠ causation.
      - “X happened with Y; therefore, X caused Y.”
      - → Maybe Y caused X, or both from Z.
      - Reversing cause and effect.
      - Ignoring alternate causes.
      - Conditional Logic Flaws
        
        Mistaken reversal: If A → B, assumes B → A.
        
        Mistaken negation: If A → B, assumes ¬A → ¬B.
        
        Confuses sufficient with necessary.
    - - Treats two things as comparable when they’re not.
      - Example: “Because cats love milk, tigers will too.”
    - - Unrepresentative sample → broad conclusion.
      - Biased data collection or small sample size.
    - - Composition: Assumes what’s true of parts is true of whole.
      - Division: Assumes what’s true of whole is true of each part.
    - - Uses a word or phrase with two meanings.
      - “Freedom” meaning political vs. financial, etc.
    - - Assumes only two options when more exist.
      - “Either you support this law or you don’t care about safety.”
    - - The conclusion merely restates a premise.
    - - Attacks the person making the claim, not the claim itself.
    - - Cites an authority outside their expertise.
    - - Assumes past = future or trend continues without justification.
    - - Confuses comparative statements (better, more) with absolute ones (good, enough).
    - - Confuses percentages and raw numbers (rate vs. quantity).
    - - Overlooks other explanations, exceptions, or counterexamples.