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American Government PRAXIS Review :red_flag: - Coggle…
American Government PRAXIS Review :red_flag:
Forms of Government
Feudalism
A system where social and economic structures are characterized by the exchange of land for military service and loyalty.
Classical Republic
A form of government in which power is held by citizens, who elect representatives to govern on their behalf.
Absolute Monarchy
Form of government in which there is a single ruler (usually a king or queen) with full power over the state and its people.
Authoritarianism
Political system in which individuals' rights are limited and full power is held by one person.
Dictatorship
Form of government in which a single person has absolute power over the country without constitutional/legal limitations.
Autocracy
System of government in which full power is held by one person.
Oligarchy
Form of government where a small number of people hold power/rule.
Liberal Democracy
System of government in which the government has limited power, and individuals' rights are protected.
Totalitarianism
Political system where the state has full power and authority over citizens' public and private lives.
Major Supreme Court Cases
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
On February 24, 1803
The Supreme Court established the doctrine and judicial review in which the federal courts were allowed to declare laws and executive decisions unconstitutional.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
The Supreme Court ruled that a slave (Dred Scott) who went to live in a free state did not qualify as free, and therefore could not become a U.S. citizen.
On March 6, 1857
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Allowed students of all races (white, black, hispanic, etc.) to attend public schools without being segregated.
On May 17, 1954
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
The Supreme Court ruled that suspects who are detained must be informed of their right to an attorney and to remain silent.
On June 13, 1966
Constituion
Separation of Powers
Judicial Branch (Supreme Court and other federal courts)
Article #3 - Interprets laws
Interpret what laws mean.
Apply laws to cases.
Decide if laws infringe the Constitution.
Legislative Branch (Congress)
Article #1 - Legislates and makes laws
The house is composed of two. Proportionality → About the same = equality.
A person can run for an infinite time as long as they win.
Each state has two senators even though they may have more or less houses of representatives.
Executive Branch (president, vice president, and president's cabinet).
Article #2 - Enforces laws
The vice president helps the president and takes over as president if the president is unable to serve.
The president is the leader of this branch and the U.S. armed forces.
Cabinet members (vice president, heads of executive departments, and other government officials) nominated by the president and approved by the Senate are advisors to the president.
Political Philosophy
Plato
He believed that a state should be fair and cordial, and should be governed by "philosopher kings" who are guided by logic and intelligence.
Thomas Aquinas
He believed humans are social beings and must be governed (best if by monarchy) in order to live morally good lives.
Niccolo Machiavelli
He believed that a governor must make a priority the stability of the state by doing whatever they must do, like being selfish, scheme, deceive, and being cruel.
Aristotle
He believed that the state's purpose was to ensure citizens had a "good life" rather than only keeping them safety.