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CHAPTER 1: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 1: SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
CHRONOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT
1970: Green tourism
Reduce enviromental impacts,maximizing enviromental benefits
1980: Sustainable tourism
1970: Mass tourism
THE RATIONALE FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Understanding of the impacts of tourism (natural, cultural, and human developments)
Fair distribution of benefits and costs
Tourism generates local employment
Tourism generates foreign exchange for the country
Tourism diversifiies the local economy, (esp in the rural areas)
Nature tourism encouranges productive use of lands
Improvements to local transportation, communications and infrastructures.
Tourism creates recreational facilities (helps pay for preservation of archeological sites and historic buildngs).
THE TOURISM INDUSTRY AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Hotelier - make their operation greener (energy conservation measures, recycling and waste reduction)
Transport operators - focus on environmental side of sustainability (public transport)
Visitor attractions - purchased supplies from small local businesses.
Tour operators - support local community, promoting eco-friendly practise
Tourism organization - professional bodies, pressure groups, and the media
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUSTAINABLE TOURISM AND OTHER TERMS
Alternative tourism
Eco-tourism
Enviromentally friendly tourism
Minimum impact tourism
Soft tourism
Responsible tourism
THE PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM MANAGEMENT
Policy, planning and management as appropriate and indeed essential response to all problems of natural and human resourse misuse in tourism
Long term rather than short term thinking is necessary
Not just environmental, but also economic, social, cultural, political and managerial.
The importance of satisfying human needs and aspiations.
Stakeholders need to consulted and empowered in tourism decision-making
Balancing of costs and benefits in decisions.
THE SCOPE OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Pollution - air, water, noise
Resource use - land, water, food
Wildlife - Safaris, zooz, habitats
The tourist - Concerns, behaviour
Public sector policy- funding, legislatin, planning
Operational practices - recycling, purchasing, waste disposal, energy conservations
THE KEY STAKEHOLDERS
Tourists
Media
Host community
Experts
Tourism indutry
Voluntary sector
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM ISSUES AND THE DIFFERENT SECTORS
Transport
use of fuel
Traffic congestion
Tour operators
Relation with local suppliers
Educating tourists - sustainable issues
Visitor attractions
Employments policies
Relation with local community
Retail travel
Role in tourists expectations
Advice about destinations - religion, culture, health
Accommodation management
Role of multi-national chain
environmental impacts - waste disposal
SUSTAINABLE TOURISM ADN FUNCTIONAL MANAGEMENT
Human resources
Training and education
Marketing
Raising and shaping tourist expectations
Finance
longer-term financial planning
Operations
Waste disposal, pollution
A CRITIQUE (KEY ISSUES)
Value judgements and the lack of factual evidence
The green tourists
Ecotourism
The concept of carrying capacity
De-marketing
Visitor management