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Institutions (a body of norms, rules and practices that shape behaviour…

- - - - Membersip
        
        Universal --> every state can become a member (UN)
        
        Limited --> = (EU)
      - Competence / Mandate
        
        Comprehensive / general purpose --> many issues and topics (UN)
        
        Obligation (by Treaties)
        
        Direct: "UN Charter"
        
        Indirect ex.: SC power create new rules
        
        Compliance
        
        Explicit: violate or not
        
        Implicit: IOs influences Interets and goals
        
        Enforcement
        
        Direct: Few IOs
        
        Indirect: "Shaming" as indirect enforcement power
        
        Three forces of IOs - Ian Hurd
        
        Limited / Issue Specific (WTO)
      - Function
        
        Rule --> Make policy and set rules (UN)
        
        Operational Organization --> Executes Policy - Checks (IAEA)
      - Decisison - making authority (exception: EU is both)
        
        Integovernmental --> decision taken by all members = horizontal authority (poooled sovereignity)
        
        Supranational --> decision taken by organizational body = vertical authority (delegated sovereignity)
      - Categorization