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Respiratory Emergencies, Spontaneous Pneumothorax - Coggle Diagram
Respiratory Emergencies
COPD
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Assessment: chronic couch, wheezing, barrel chest, hypoxia
Treatment : bronchodilators, steroids, oxygen
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Croup
Assessment: seal bark coughs, stridor, fever
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Treatment: humidified air, nebulizer epinephrine if severe
mostly affects toddlers and school age children, can present flu like symptoms and shortness of breath worsens at night
Bronchiolitis
Assessment: wheezing, crackles, cough, shortness of breath, fever, dehydration, tachypnea, tachycardia
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Treatment: oxygen therapy, position of comfort
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Epligottitis
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Assessment: dyspnea, high fever, stridor, drooling, difficulty swallowing, tripod/sniffing position
Treatment: position of comfort, oxygen, keep child calm
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Tuberculosis
Assessment: fever, cough,fatigue,diaphoretic,shortness of breath, productive sputum, bloody sputum, chest pain
Treatment: supportive care, long term antibiotics
Physiology: bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, most commonly affect lungs
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Pleural Effusion
Assessment: decreased breath sounds, dyspnea, chest pain
Treatment: position of comfort,drainage
Physiology: collection of fluid outside of the lung on one or both sides of the chest, it compresses the lungs and causes dyspnea
This fluid may collect in large volumes in response to any form of irritation such as infection, CHF,or cancer
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Influenza Type A
Assessment:fever, chills, muscle aches,cough,sore throat,headache,fatigue, dehydration.
Treatment: antivirals,supportive care,fluids,rest
Physiology:viral respiratory by direct contact with nasal secretions and aerosolized droplets from coughing and sneezing by infected people
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Hyperventilation
Physiology: rapid breathing to the point that the level of arterial carbon dioxide falls below normal. the body is trying to compensate for acidosis
Assessment: anxiety,dizziness, numbness, tingling of the hands and feet, painful spasms of the hands and feet
Treatment: try to calm patient, supplemental oxygen
It commonly occurs when the person is experiencing phychological stress and affects 10% of the population at one time or another
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Acute Pulmonary Edema
Assessment: dyspnea with rapid shallow respirations, frothy pink sputum at the nose and mouth, cyanotic skin tachycardia
Treatment: oxygen, suction, position of comfort,airway adjunct
Physiology:as a result of injury to the heart muscle, fluid builds up within the alveoli and in the lung tissue between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries.
Covid 19
Treatment:supportive care,oxygen antivials, steroids
Assessment: fever,cough,shortness of breath, chest pain,anosmia vomiting diarrhea
mostly affects elderly patients living in close quarters with one another and this with weekend immune systems but also has sickened and killed young and healthy people.
Physiology: respitory disease caused by the SAR-CoV-2 virus transmitted through aerosol droplets through airborne
Pulmonary Embolism
Assessment: Dyspnea,tachycardia, tachypnea,varying degrees of hypoxia, cyanosis, acute chest pain,hemoptysis
Treatment: anticoagulants,thrombolytics,oxygen
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Blood clots that usually formed in the vein of the legs or pelvis, that breaks off and circulates through the venous system.
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Pneumonia
Assessment: dyspnea,chills,fever,cough,green yellow red sputum,localized wheezing,crackles
Treatment: airway support, supplemental O2
Physiology: infection of the lungs collecting in the surrounding normal lung tissues, impairing the lungs,ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide.
factors that predispose patients to pneumonia are institutional residence, recent hospitalization,chronic disease processes,immune system compromise
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Pertussis
Assessment:coughing spells,whooping sound cough,fever,dehydration, vomiting
Treatment:supportive care, oxygen as needed also known as whooping cough and mostly affects infants and children
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Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Assessment: dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, sharp stabbing painon on one side that is worse during inspiration,anxiety decreased breath sounds on one side.
Treatment: supplemental o2,position of comfort, rapid transport
Physiology: partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space, air escapes into the pleural cavity and results
May occur in patients with certain chronic lung infections or in young people born with weak areas of the lung.
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